Models of Lesson Planning for Mathematics

Models of Lesson supply for MathematicsIntroduction provision the word it contains more weightage as comp bed to any other word. We can provided achieve any target often a proper grooming strategy. In be after what is target to achieve is our goal with the available resources. readiness also plays an important role in principle-learning process. While, doing a proper proviso in t to each oneing the class environment got relaxed, instructor enjoys the teaching beca workout the melodic phrase as well the situations ar mighty arranged. By doing an intelligent aimning a instructor avoids frustrations. Classroom transactions ar also got muted by using the strategies in a proper manner. readiness for instructional ProcessNeed for grooming teaching occupies the central core of your behavior as a instructor. The teaching includes instruction in schoolroom tutorials, laboratory, drop deadshops, and excursions, and so on Where teaching is not just an activity to transfer t he education to the school-age child but it involves modification in the behavior of the student. While mean, teacher moldiness keep in mind the emphasis may be assumption to equal Weightage to all the content, not that one should exitn more accent and other is ignored completely. debut of material in a logical, systematic, and rough-and-ready wayThe picturening must(prenominal) c everywhere the adequate coverage of musical theme matterThe objective may be achieved in the devoted judgment of convictionThe while factor and effort must be low and germane(predicate)The strategies must involve maximum development of child in lower limit resourcesAdvantages of PlanningPlanning means systematic organization of humble matter, fail utilization and proper presentation of the resourceIt fosters egotism-confidence and pride in our workThe aids are properly explained and utilise by teacherPlanning for one subject helps in integrating with other subjectsA wide development in t hinking about teaching is ministrant to bring an order of teaching.Strategies for PlanningSystematic contrivening of teaching work requires systematic organization of time in the institution. This could be done on long term and short term basis.Long term Planning Long term planning may be termed as pedantic work planning that is it for a whole which is to come yet. List of holidays for schools including restricted, gazettes and so on As well as the diametrical program to be align by the school in the coming year that is activities to be unionised as per the festivals as well as the tour and trips for the students. All teachers are allotted with their concerned subjects to be taught by them for the whole year, so that teachers may frame out their plan consort to their need. Such plan give a ordered and fresh look to teaching learning exercising in school as it was organized at the beginning. Teachers also plan theory courses as well as for practical activities, projects, and science exhibitions etc. Now we can say that a yearly plan is base on course purpose, course concepts, units, lessons, and evaluation items.Short term Planning There are the particular(prenominal) activities which are planned by teacher for making their teaching effective which includes framing the lesson plan, use of teaching aid, in between so that the time may be utilized properly while delivering the lesson. Deciding the time limit, appropriate examples, satisfying life incidence, use of appropriate aid all are included in it.Designs of Lesson PlanningDefining a LessonThe term lesson is described in many ship canal by different educationists or teachers. A teacher takes teaching as a job to cover syllabus in the classroom any class has 6-7 periods in a day (in oecumenical, a period runs over 35-40 minutes). A lesson is defined as a blueprint, a guide map, a plan for action. Lesson is a sequencing of teaching acts or events or episode in organized manner to generate a lear ning environment for our students. The lesson contains topics and sub-topic with necessity contents to be taught to the students in the classroom.DefinitionsN.L.Bossing in his book Teaching in Secondary Schools proposes the following definition of a lesson plan Lesson plan is the gloss tending(p) to a statement of all achievements to be touchableized and specific means by which these are to be attained as a result of the activities engaged day to day under the guidance of the teacher.The mental lexicon of Education defines a lesson plan as a teaching lineation of the important points of a lesson arranged in the order in which they are to be presented it may include objectives, questions to be asked, references to materials, evaluation, appointments, etc. Now you must be draw in mind that lesson planning is a output of short term or micro level planning involving appellative of definite objectives, pickax of appropriate content and activities,Selection of procedures and methods for presentation of the content,Selection of evaluation exercises andSelection of follow up activities, etc.Approaches to Lesson Planning more often than not various approaches are used to make a lesson plan. These approaches are Herbartian approach, unit of measurement approach, Evaluation approach, and Project approach.A brief description is provided-Herbartian Approach is base on apperceptive mass theory of learning. All the knowledge and study is to be accustomed from outside by the teacher because the student is considered alike(p) to a clean slate. For the students, if an old knowledge makes a base for unused knowledge (his previous knowledge or experiences), it may be acquired tardily and retained for a longer period.Herbart has given five steps- Introduction, intromission, Organistation, Comparison, and evaluation. The primary(prenominal) centralize is on content presentation. unit of measurement Approach of Morrison is based on unit transaction and planning. The Morrisons lesson plan of teaching is cyclic Morrison has given five steps for his cyclephase of teaching- Exploration, Presentation, Assimilation, Organisation, and Recitation.Evaluation Approach of B.S. Bloom in evaluation approach, education is objective centered not content centered. The focus in this approach is on objective based teaching and testing. It takes into reflection the learning objectives and teaching methods on the basis of the objectives and to assess learning outcomes. Then, a decision can be taken about objectives of learning are achieved or need to provide the revision.Project approach originated by Dewey and W.H.Kilpatrick stresses on conclave activity, social activity, self activity, and link to real life experiences. It is a pre-planned work completed by a person or group in social condition. Due to many reasons, it is not necessary that a lesson plan made by a teacher will be successful at every place and time. Many factors influence lesson planning such asAvailability of teaching aids,Strength of students in the Class. constitution of the Class (Age wise).School Location (Area wise)The spirit of the topic (Medium wise) etc.The key is not enough, few other factors from own experiences can be added. opus a lesson Plan Many written lesson plans are used by practicing teachers. A teacher needs some information about the class, students and their scope before to attempt the lesson plan. In general, a Macro Lesson plan is shared out into many typifys/steps. We had introduced the approaches of lesson planning. Now, one can write a macro lesson plan based on different approaches.HERBARTIAN APPROACHThe steps are given belowGeneral information regarding the topic, sub-topic, subject, time, class, and age level of children.Instructional Objectives (General Objectives and detail Objectives) We know that at different grade levels, all subjects have general objectives, and specific objectives are written in behavioral terms. special Obje ctives focuses on the expected outcomes of teaching and the topic in a given time period. These specific objectives also known as instructional objectives, which are manifest and measurable. It is required to identify the behavioural objectives and state these objectives in a clear and simple language.Instructional Aids The development of a new lesson plan is based on the standard and knowledge of students. Instructional are used by the teacher to make understand the chapter or topic easily. i picture delivers the message of thousand words. Teacher assumes that the previous knowledge of students related to the content can test and teaching will become piano by dint of aids.Introduction in this step topic is introduced mainly through introductory questions or by creating the appropriate situations. New knowledge or information of students is linked with their previous knowledge by assuming and testing.Presentation In presentation the ways of applicable content is presented. A te acher develops the lesson Plan by communicate many questions and receiving responses presented by the students. Students response helps the teacher for further presentation of the content. The presentation floor is interactive in the real classroom situation. It depends on teachers communication and teaching skills like questioning, explaining, giving presentment and providing reinforcement on preferable student behaviour. review This step helps the teacher to find out the extent of learning that occurs during instruction. The teacher does this by asking several questions. This stage provides feedback to the teacher about the teaching learning process.blackboard summary In the classroom during the instruction, the board is used by the teacher to write the teaching points, summary and explanations. wag is used simultaneously when lesson is cosmos delivered in the classroom. base of operations Assignment At last, in the end of the teaching session, thought provoking, suitable que stions or activities must be planned and given to the students. It gives a chance of revision or practice to the students. Home assignment also gives an opportunity to students to assimilate, whatever they have learned.3. EVALUATION APPROACHThe function of lesson plan according to this approach consists of three aspectsInput,Process andOutput.Input It contains the realization of objectives in behavioral terms. These are known as Expected behavioral Outcomes (EBOs). During this the entering behavior of the learners is also identified. With the help of instructional objectives, the sequence of instructional procedure is determined. These objectives are classified into four categories intimacy, Understanding, Application and Creativity. These objectives can be transformed in behavioural terms.Process This is an interactive stage when teacher actually communicating with students in the classroom. For effective presentation of the content, teacher has to convey different teaching st rategies, audio-visual, and all support materials.Output This aspect of instructional procedure refers to real learning outcomes (RLOs). This is equivalent to terminal behaviour which is mensurable by using oral and written questions. This aspect is considered for measuring of the desirable change in behaviour of students.Illustration of Lesson PlanFormat of Presentation Effective teaching needs proper planning, transaction in the classroom and feedback. Practically there are three stages of a planned lesson Pre-active, Interactive, and Post- Active.Pre-active stage is a stage of planning before going to the classroom.The Interactive stage is a stage of interaction between teacher and students in the real classroom situation.Post active stage is a stage of self evaluation of our teaching work.There is not be a undivided format for writing a lesson plan because it varies from teacher to teacher and subject to subject, the only thing which can be suggested is that it should be a well -organised structure, it follows introductory fundamental parts of a lesson. Some of the formats based on different approaches to lesson planning. Teachers are free to make changes according to the objectives you plan to achieve and the nature of the subject etc.(i) Herbartian Lesson Plan FormatSubject bookingUnit School affair ClassDuration PeriodGeneral ObjectivesSpecific ObjectivesTeaching AidsMethodPrevious KnowledgeIntroduction dictation of the Topic/AimPresentation or Development of the LessonORRecapitulation fateful Board SummaryHome AssignmentReference peckerOrder of S. No. 1 to 5 may be changed according to your needs.In presentation/development objectives, teaching-learning activities and evaluation are in carnal knowledge to particular teaching point/content.If evaluation of students learning is done for each teaching act/episode, then you may ignore recapitulation at the fag end of the lesson.Black board summary should be certain as the lesson progresses.ii) Blooms o r Evaluation Lesson Plan FormatSubject get outUnit SchoolLesson ClassDurationSpecific ObjectivesPrevious KnowledgeIntroductionStatement of the Topic/AimPresentation6) Evaluation7) Home Work8) References findThe objectives are to be written in behavioural terms.The teaching activities are to be related to the learning structures.Black Board Summary should be developed as the lesson progresses.iii) RCEM Lesson Plan FormatDateSubject SchoolUnit ClassTopic/Lesson DurationConcepts Teaching Aids Previous Knowledge IntroductionStatement of the Aim/Topic PresentationBlack Board SummaryHome AssignmentReferencesNoteRCEM is Regional College of Education, Mysore.Concepts are to be identified through content analysis.Black Board Summary to be developed as the lesson progresses.Characteristics of Lesson PlanYou may plan your lesson based on any format discussed above, but a good lesson plan must have following characteristicsIt must be flexibleIts contents are organized in the light of come-at- able objectivesIt is rich with respect to students activities and evaluation exercisesIt has link with the previous and future lessonIt includes relevant home assignment and activities for students.