Toulmin Argument Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toulmin Argument Paper - Essay Example It is important to keep the scientific discoveries and endeavors under manageable rates such that there can be an option of reversible margins (Taubenberger, 2012). A super virus is a chemical substance with the capabilities to kill (biocidal activity) or inhibit the growth (biostatic activity) of other microorganisms. The material functions best in its dilute state hence it is a production of microorganisms. Super virus is kinds of vaccines that are designed by scientists to counter diseases before the conditions affect a person. The process is carried out by extracting a live specimen of a pathogen then activates it to live in a human being (Farberov, 2014). The scientists carryout a total study to understand the nature of the virus in question, in order to develop a super virus. In general position, the super virus acts as a preventive measure. Even so, it is not a wise thing to introduce the super virus in the body of a person. This is because with time the original virus will get used to the introduced super virus. As a result, the original virus will develop other adaptation mechanisms that may be even more complicated and resistant to treatment or vaccines (Zhang, 2014). When the original pathogen develops resistance over an introduced super virus, the original pathogens form more complicated and resistant methods of survival. Under such a situation, the patient is the one to suff er the consequences of the new adaptations because they continue to weaken his or her body. If the scientists could always be ahead in their discoveries that they even cover the later adaptations of the virus in order to deny it any chances of later evolutions. In such a case, the users of the super virus will be completely protected from the aftermaths (Farberov, 2014). It is not wise to create a super virus and present it to a person’s body because the super virus in many instances is found to develop abilities to by-pass the human

Junk food Essay Example for Free

Junk food Essay Whether adult or child, junk food is bad for everyone. Teenagers and young children easily tend to develop the habit of gorging over junk food, which may well escort bad health consequences for them. It massively ruins their health and therefore, it is very important for parents and adults to keep a tight check on the diet and eating habits of their young guns. It is the only way of ensuring they eat a balanced diet which is nutritious and healthy enough to offer them sufficient amount of energy. Junk food not only makes you addict to a non-healthy diet pattern but also brings a plethora of diseases for you. Effects of junk food on health Obesity: When people eat more and more junk food, they become prone to overweight. The oils used for frying junk food make you fat and fatter. In the same fashion, fats and processed flour used in junk food tends to make you bulky. Besides, junk food forces you to toss down sodas and colas. These drinks are full of sugar and thus, they increase your tendency to put on weight. see more:short essay on junk food Lethargy: When you eat processed food, your energy levels lower down and you feel more lethargic. Reason behind this process is that junk food contains high amount of carbohydrates that prickle your blood sugar levels. As soon as your sugar levels start fluctuating dramatically, you start feeling drowsy and tired. Soon you feel less active and alert, and your brain and body starts seeking sleep. In a nutshell, with dulling reflexes and senses, you are forced to an extensively inactive life. Diseases: Other than obesity issues, junk food is also related to some of the most lethal diseases. It can result in diabetes and heart ailments. If you don’t exercise regularly and have a family history of diabetes, then junk food is likely to activate the peril of various crucial diseases at an early stage. Secondly, junk food releases some kind of fats that have a tendency of increasing your cholesterol levels. This way, your arteries get clogged up which might lead to heart attack. So, being overweight is a simple welcome note for various diseases. Poor nutrition: Junk food snatches the nutrition proffered by your diet. When

Causes of the French Revolution Essay -- essays research papers

The Causes Of The French Revolution In the 17th and 18th centuries, France was ruled by an absolute government. The king had all the political power. And the kings who came after him were despots. For example, anyone who criticized the government could be arrested and put in prison without trial. Louis XIV at l east ruled this country efficiently. Last French kings were not good rulers. Louis XIV (1774- 1793) was king at the time of the French Revolution. He was more interested in hunting than governing France. He and his Austrians queen, Marie Antoinette, lived an extravagant life at the Palace of Versailles. They did not really care about the state of their country. The government was inefficient, unjust and corrupt. There were too many government departments, different laws in different parts of the country and officials. Many people became angry about the way France was governed. They could do nothing to change it. The French Parliament was called the Estates- General. It was made up of the First Estate- churchmen or clergy, the Second Estate- nobility, the Third Estate- commoners. The Estate- General had not met since 1614. It could not meet without consent of he king. It had no political power. During the 18th century, the French government spent more money than it collected in taxes. By 1788, the country was bankrupt. Because the government spent a lot of money, taxes were high. The tax system was unjust. The nobles and the clergy paid hardly any taxes. The Church owned one-tenth of the land in France. It did not pay taxes. The peasants paid most of the taxes. Yet, they were the people least able to afford them. In the 18th century, France was a feudal country with class division. People were divided into three estates or classes. The First Estate consisted of the clergy. The Second consisted of the nobility, and the Third included the bourgeoisie, the city workers and the peasants. The estate to which he belonged decided a person’’power and rights. The peasants suffered most. Over 80 per cent of the population were made up of peasants. They had to pay heavy taxes. How The Revolution Changed Between 1789 and 1799 In 1789 the king called the estates to a meeting to form a National Assembly where all estates woul... ...;reign of terror." The Jacobins also followed democratic principles and believed in the benefits of the middle class, peasants, and farmers and got to participate for the first time in a political event. The Convention abolished slavery. Many of these reforms were never carried out because of changes made later in the government. Many people of France wanted the "reign of terror", the Jacobin's dictatorship, and the democratic revolution to end. The Convention finally attacked Robesspiere in 1794, and he was executed the following day. The "reign of terror",had finally ended. The Conservatives drove the Jacobins out of power. They replaced the Democratic constitution with the Directory. They started to meet in 1795, but they were troubled by war and economic problems. Bonarpartec a French general, later seized control of France in November 9, 1799, which ended the revolution. The French Revolution brought much discussion into which kind of government was best for their country. Despite all the conflicts, the revolution did create a unified state and a strong central government.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Twenty-one

Tyrion Are you certain that you must leave us so soon?† the Lord Commander asked him. â€Å"Past certain, Lord Mormont,† Tyrion replied. â€Å"My brother Jaime will be wondering what has become of me. He may decide that you have convinced me to take the black.† â€Å"Would that I could.† Mormont picked up a crab claw and cracked it in his fist. Old as he was, the Lord Commander still had the strength of a bear. â€Å"You're a cunning man, Tyrion. We have need of men of your sort on the Wall.† Tyrion grinned. â€Å"Then I shall scour the Seven Kingdoms for dwarfs and ship them all to you, Lord Mormont.† As they laughed, he sucked the meat from a crab leg and reached for another. The crabs had arrived from Eastwatch only this morning, packed in a barrel of snow, and they were succulent. Ser Alliser Thorne was the only man at table who did not so much as crack a smile. â€Å"Lannister mocks us.† â€Å"Only you, Ser Alliser,† Tyrion said. This time the laughter round the table had a nervous, uncertain quality to it. Thorne's black eyes fixed on Tyrion with loathing. â€Å"You have a bold tongue for someone who is less than half a man. Perhaps you and I should visit the yard together.† â€Å"Why?† asked Tyrion. â€Å"The crabs are here.† The remark brought more guffaws from the others. Ser Alliser stood up, his mouth a tight line. â€Å"Come and make your japes with steel in your hand.† Tyrion looked pointedly at his right hand. â€Å"Why, I have steel in my hand, Ser Alliser, although it appears to be a crab fork. Shall we duel?† He hopped up on his chair and began poking at Thorne's chest with the tiny fork. Roars of laughter filled the tower room. Bits of crab flew from the Lord Commander's mouth as he began to gasp and choke. Even his raven joined in, cawing loudly from above the window. â€Å"Duel! Duel! Duel!† Ser Alliser Thorne walked from the room so stiffly it looked as though he had a dagger up his butt. Mormont was still gasping for breath. Tyrion pounded him on the back. â€Å"To the victor goes the spoils,† he called out. â€Å"I claim Thorne's share of the crabs.† Finally the Lord Commander recovered himself. â€Å"You are a wicked man, to provoke our Ser Alliser so,† he scolded. Tyrion seated himself and took a sip of wine. â€Å"If a man paints a target on his chest, he should expect that sooner or later someone will loose an arrow at him. I have seen dead men with more humor than your Ser Alliser.† â€Å"Not so,† objected the Lord Steward, Bowen Marsh, a man as round and red as a pomegranate. â€Å"You ought to hear the droll names he gives the lads he trains.† Tyrion had heard a few of those droll names. â€Å"I'll wager the lads have a few names for him as well,† he said. â€Å"Chip the ice off your eyes, my good lords. Ser Alliser Thorne should be mucking out your stables, not drilling your young warriors.† â€Å"The Watch has no shortage of stableboys,† Lord Mormont grumbled. â€Å"That seems to be all they send us these days. Stableboys and sneak thieves and rapers. Ser Alliser is an anointed knight, one of the few to take the black since I have been Lord Commander. He fought bravely at King's Landing.† â€Å"On the wrong side,† Ser Jaremy Rykker commented dryly. â€Å"I ought to know, I was there on the battlements beside him. Tywin Lannister gave us a splendid choice. Take the black, or see our heads on spikes before evenfall. No offense intended, Tyrion.† â€Å"None taken, Ser Jaremy. My father is very fond of spiked heads, especially those of people who have annoyed him in some fashion. And a face as noble as yours, well, no doubt he saw you decorating the city wall above the King's Gate. I think you would have looked very striking up there.† â€Å"Thank you,† Ser Jaremy replied with a sardonic smile. Lord Commander Mormont cleared his throat. â€Å"Sometimes I fear Ser Alliser saw you true, Tyrion. You do mock us and our noble purpose here.† Tyrion shrugged. â€Å"We all need to be mocked from time to time, Lord Mormont, lest we start to take ourselves too seriously. More wine, please.† He held out his cup. As Rykker filled it for him, Bowen Marsh said, â€Å"You have a great thirst for a small man.† â€Å"Oh, I think that Lord Tyrion is quite a large man,† Maester Aemon said from the far end of the table. He spoke softly, yet the high officers of the Night's Watch all fell quiet, the better to hear what the ancient had to say. â€Å"I think he is a giant come among us, here at the end of the world.† Tyrion answered gently, â€Å"I've been called many things, my lord, but giant is seldom one of them.† â€Å"Nonetheless,† Maester Aemon said as his clouded, milk-white eyes moved to Tyrion's face, â€Å"I think it is true.† For once, Tyrion Lannister found himself at a loss for words. He could only bow his head politely and say, â€Å"You are too kind, Maester Aemon.† The blind man smiled. He was a tiny thing, wrinkled and hairless, shrunken beneath the weight of a hundred years so his maester's collar with its links of many metals hung loose about his throat. â€Å"I have been called many things, my lord,† he said, â€Å"but kind is seldom one of them.† This time Tyrion himself led the laughter. Much later, when the serious business of eating was done and the others had left, Mormont offered Tyrion a chair beside the fire and a cup of mulled spirits so strong they brought tears to his eyes. â€Å"The kingsroad can be perilous this far north,† the Lord Commander told him as they drank. â€Å"I have Jyck and Morrec,† Tyrion said, â€Å"and Yoren is riding south again.† â€Å"Yoren is only one man. The Watch shall escort you as far as Winterfell,† Mormont announced in a tone that brooked no argument. â€Å"Three men should be sufficient.† â€Å"If you insist, my lord,† Tyrion said. â€Å"You might send young Snow. He would be glad for a chance to see his brothers.† Mormont frowned through his thick grey beard. â€Å"Snow? Oh, the Stark bastard. I think not. The young ones need to forget the lives they left behind them, the brothers and mothers and all that. A visit home would only stir up feelings best left alone. I know these things. My own blood kin . . . my sister Maege rules BearIsland now, since my son's dishonor. I have nieces I have never seen.† He took a swallow. â€Å"Besides, Jon Snow is only a boy. You shall have three strong swords, to keep you safe.† â€Å"I am touched by your concern, Lord Mormont.† The strong drink was making Tyrion light-headed, but not so drunk that he did not realize that the Old Bear wanted something from him. â€Å"I hope I can repay your kindness.† â€Å"You can,† Mormont said bluntly. â€Å"Your sister sits beside the king. Your brother is a great knight, and your father the most powerful lord in the Seven Kingdoms. Speak to them for us. Tell them of our need here. You have seen for yourself, my lord. The Night's Watch is dying. Our strength is less than a thousand now. Six hundred here, two hundred in the ShadowTower, even fewer at Eastwatch, and a scant third of those fighting men. The Wall is a hundred leagues long. Think on that. Should an attack come, I have three men to defend each mile of wall.† â€Å"Three and a third,† Tyrion said with a yawn. Mormont scarcely seemed to hear him. The old man warmed his hands before the fire. â€Å"I sent Benjen Stark to search after Yohn Royce's son, lost on his first ranging. The Royce boy was green as summer grass, yet he insisted on the honor of his own command, saying it was his due as a knight. I did not wish to offend his lord father, so I yielded. I sent him out with two men I deemed as good as any in the Watch. More fool I.† â€Å"Fool,† the raven agreed. Tyrion glanced up. The bird peered down at him with those beady black eyes, ruffling its wings. â€Å"Fool,† it called again. Doubtless old Mormont would take it amiss if he throttled the creature. A pity. The Lord Commander took no notice of the irritating bird. â€Å"Gared was near as old as I am and longer on the Wall,† he went on, â€Å"yet it would seem he forswore himself and fled. I should never have believed it, not of him, but Lord Eddard sent me his head from Winterfell. Of Royce, there is no word. One deserter and two men lost, and now Ben Stark too has gone missing.† He sighed deeply. â€Å"Who am I to send searching after him? In two years I will be seventy. Too old and too weary for the burden I bear, yet if I set it down, who will pick it up? Alliser Thorne? Bowen Marsh? I would have to be as blind as Maester Aemon not to see what they are. The Night's Watch has become an army of sullen boys and tired old men. Apart from the men at my table tonight, I have perhaps twenty who can read, and even fewer who can think, or plan, or lead. Once the Watch spent its summers building, and each Lord Commander raised the Wall higher than he found it. Now it is all we c an do to stay alive.† He was in deadly earnest, Tyrion realized. He felt faintly embarrassed for the old man. Lord Mormont had spent a good part of his life on the Wall, and he needed to believe if those years were to have any meaning. â€Å"I promise, the king will hear of your need,† Tyrion said gravely, â€Å"and I will speak to my father and my brother Jaime as well.† And he would. Tyrion Lannister was as good as his word. He left the rest unsaid; that King Robert would ignore him, Lord Tywin would ask if he had taken leave of his senses, and Jaime would only laugh. â€Å"You are a young man, Tyrion,† Mormont said. â€Å"How many winters have you seen?† He shrugged. â€Å"Eight, nine. I misremember.† â€Å"And all of them short.† â€Å"As you say, my lord.† He had been born in the dead of winter, a terrible cruel one that the maesters said had lasted near three years, but Tyrion's earliest memories were of spring. â€Å"When I was a boy, it was said that a long summer always meant a long winter to come. This summer has lasted nine years, Tyrion, and a tenth will soon be upon us. Think on that.† â€Å"When I was a boy,† Tyrion replied, â€Å"my wet nurse told me that one day, if men were good, the gods would give the world a summer without ending. Perhaps we've been better than we thought, and the Great Summer is finally at hand.† He grinned. The Lord Commander did not seem amused. â€Å"You are not fool enough to believe that, my lord. Already the days grow shorter. There can be no mistake, Aemon has had letters from the Citadel, findings in accord with his own. The end of summer stares us in the face.† Mormont reached out and clutched Tyrion tightly by the hand. â€Å"You must make them understand. I tell you, my lord, the darkness is coming. There are wild things in the woods, direwolves and mammoths and snow bears the size of aurochs, and I have seen darker shapes in my dreams.† â€Å"In your dreams,† Tyrion echoed, thinking how badly he needed another strong drink. Mormont was deaf to the edge in his voice. â€Å"The fisherfolk near Eastwatch have glimpsed white walkers on the shore.† This time Tyrion could not hold his tongue. â€Å"The fisherfolk of Lannisport often glimpse merlings.† â€Å"Denys Mallister writes that the mountain people are moving south, slipping past the ShadowTower in numbers greater than ever before. They are running, my lord . . . but running from what?† Lord Mormont moved to the window and stared out into the night. â€Å"These are old bones, Lannister, but they have never felt a chill like this. Tell the king what I say, I pray you. Winter is coming, and when the Long Night falls, only the Night's Watch will stand between the realm and the darkness that sweeps from the north. The gods help us all if we are not ready.† â€Å"The gods help me if I do not get some sleep tonight. Yoren is determined to ride at first light.† Tyrion got to his feet, sleepy from wine and tired of doom. â€Å"I thank you for all the courtesies you have done me, Lord Mormont.† â€Å"Tell them, Tyrion. Tell them and make them believe. That is all the thanks I need.† He whistled, and his raven flew to him and perched on his shoulder. Mormont smiled and gave the bird some corn from his pocket, and that was how Tyrion left him. It was bitter cold outside. Bundled thickly in his furs, Tyrion Lannister pulled on his gloves and nodded to the poor frozen wretches standing sentry outside the Commander's Keep. He set off across the yard for his own chambers in the King's Tower, walking as briskly as his legs could manage. Patches of snow crunched beneath his feet as his boots broke the night's crust, and his breath steamed before him like a banner. He shoved his hands into his armpits and walked faster, praying that Morrec had remembered to warm his bed with hot bricks from the fire. Behind the King's Tower, the Wall glimmered in the light of the moon, immense and mysterious. Tyrion stopped for a moment to look up at it. His legs ached of cold and haste. Suddenly a strange madness took hold of him, a yearning to look once more off the end of the world. It would be his last chance, he thought; tomorrow he would ride south, and he could not imagine why he would ever want to return to this frozen desolation. The King's Tower was before him, with its promise of warmth and a soft bed, yet Tyrion found himself walking past it, toward the vast pale palisade of the Wall. A wooden stair ascended the south face, anchored on huge rough-hewn beams sunk deep into the ice and frozen in place. Back and forth it switched, clawing its way upward as crooked as a bolt of lightning. The black brothers assured him that it was much stronger than it looked, but Tyrion's legs were cramping too badly for him to even contemplate the ascent. He went instead to the iron cage beside the well, clambered inside, and yanked hard on the bell rope, three quick pulls. He had to wait what seemed an eternity, standing there inside the bars with the Wall to his back. Long enough for Tyrion to begin to wonder why he was doing this. He had just about decided to forget his sudden whim and go to bed when the cage gave a jerk and began to ascend. He moved upward slowly, by fits and starts at first, then more smoothly. The ground fell away beneath him, the cage swung, and Tyrion wrapped his hands around the iron bars. He could feel the cold of the metal even through his gloves. Morrec had a fire burning in his room, he noted with approval, but the Lord Commander's tower was dark. The Old Bear had more sense than he did, it seemed. Then he was above the towers, still inching his way upward. Castle Black lay below him, etched in moonlight. You could see how stark and empty it was from up here; windowless keeps, crumbling walls, courtyards choked with broken stone. Farther off, he could see the lights of Mole's Town, the little village half a league south along the kingsroad, and here and there the bright glitter of moonlight on water where icy streams descended from the mountain heights to cut across the plains. The rest of the world was a bleak emptiness of windswept hills and rocky fields spotted with snow. Finally a thick voice behind him said, â€Å"Seven hells, it's the dwarf,† and the cage jerked to a sudden stop and hung there, swinging slowly back and forth, the ropes creaking. â€Å"Bring him in, damn it.† There was a grunt and a loud groaning of wood as the cage slid sideways and then the Wall was beneath him. Tyrion waited until the swinging had stopped before he pushed open the cage door and hopped down onto the ice. A heavy figure in black was leaning on the winch, while a second held the cage with a gloved hand. Their faces were muffled in woolen scarves so only their eyes showed, and they were plump with layers of wool and leather, black on black. â€Å"And what will you be wanting, this time of night?† the one by the winch asked. â€Å"A last look.† The men exchanged sour glances. â€Å"Look all you want,† the other one said. â€Å"Just have a care you don't fall off, little man. The Old Bear would have our hides.† A small wooden shack stood under the great crane, and Tyrion saw the dull glow of a brazier and felt a brief gust of warmth when the winch men opened the door and went back inside. And then he was alone. It was bitingly cold up here, and the wind pulled at his clothes like an insistent lover. The top of the Wall was wider than the kingsroad often was, so Tyrion had no fear of falling, although the footing was slicker than he would have liked. The brothers spread crushed stone across the walkways, but the weight of countless footsteps would melt the Wall beneath, so the ice would seem to grow around the gravel, swallowing it, until the path was bare again and it was time to crush more stone. Still, it was nothing that Tyrion could not manage. He looked off to the east and west, at the Wall stretching before him, a vast white road with no beginning and no end and a dark abyss on either side. West, he decided, for no special reason, and he began to walk that way, following the pathway nearest the north edge, where the gravel looked freshest. His bare cheeks were ruddy with the cold, and his legs complained more loudly with every step, but Tyrion ignored them. The wind swirled around him, gravel crunched beneath his boots, while ahead the white ribbon followed the lines of the hills, rising higher and higher, until it was lost beyond the western horizon. He passed a massive catapult, as tall as a city wall, its base sunk deep into the Wall. The throwing arm had been taken off for repairs and then forgotten; it lay there like a broken toy, half-embedded in the ice. On the far side of the catapult, a muffled voice called out a challenge. â€Å"Who goes there? Halt!† Tyrion stopped. â€Å"If I halt too long I'll freeze in place, Jon,† he said as a shaggy pale shape slid toward him silently and sniffed at his furs. â€Å"Hello, Ghost.† Jon Snow moved closer. He looked bigger and heavier in his layers of fur and leather, the hood of his cloak pulled down over his face. â€Å"Lannister,† he said, yanking loose the scarf to uncover his mouth. â€Å"This is the last place I would have expected to see you.† He carried a heavy spear tipped in iron, taller than he was, and a sword hung at his side in a leather sheath. Across his chest was a gleaming black warhorn, banded with silver. â€Å"This is the last place I would have expected to be seen,† Tyrion admitted. â€Å"I was captured by a whim. If I touch Ghost, will he chew my hand off?† â€Å"Not with me here,† Jon promised. Tyrion scratched the white wolf behind the ears. The red eyes watched him impassively. The beast came up as high as his chest now. Another year, and Tyrion had the gloomy feeling he'd be looking up at him. â€Å"What are you doing up here tonight?† he asked. â€Å"Besides freezing your manhood off . . . â€Å" â€Å"I have drawn night guard,† Jon said. â€Å"Again. Ser Alliser has kindly arranged for the watch commander to take a special interest in me. He seems to think that if they keep me awake half the night, I'll fall asleep during morning drill. So far I have disappointed him.† Tyrion grinned. â€Å"And has Ghost learned to juggle yet?† â€Å"No,† said Jon, smiling, â€Å"but Grenn held his own against Halder this morning, and Pyp is no longer dropping his sword quite so often as he did.† â€Å"Pyp?† â€Å"Pypar is his real name. The small boy with the large ears. He saw me working with Grenn and asked for help. Thorne had never even shown him the proper way to grip a sword.† He turned to look north. â€Å"I have a mile of Wall to guard. Will you walk with me?† â€Å"If you walk slowly,† Tyrion said. â€Å"The watch commander tells me I must walk, to keep my blood from freezing, but he never said how fast.† They walked, with Ghost pacing along beside Jon like a white shadow. â€Å"I leave on the morrow,† Tyrion said. â€Å"I know.† Jon sounded strangely sad. â€Å"I plan to stop at Winterfell on the way south. If there is any message that you would like me to deliver . . . â€Å" â€Å"Tell Robb that I'm going to command the Night's Watch and keep him safe, so he might as well take up needlework with the girls and have Mikken melt down his sword for horseshoes.† â€Å"Your brother is bigger than me,† Tyrion said with a laugh. â€Å"I decline to deliver any message that might get me killed.† â€Å"Rickon will ask when I'm coming home. Try to explain where I've gone, if you can. Tell him he can have all my things while I'm away, he'll like that.† People seemed to be asking a great deal of him today, Tyrion Lannister thought. â€Å"You could put all this in a letter, you know.† â€Å"Rickon can't read yet. Bran . . . † He stopped suddenly. â€Å"I don't know what message to send to Bran. Help him, Tyrion.† â€Å"What help could I give him? I am no maester, to ease his pain. I have no spells to give him back his legs.† â€Å"You gave me help when I needed it,† Jon Snow said. â€Å"I gave you nothing,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Words.† â€Å"Then give your words to Bran too.† â€Å"You're asking a lame man to teach a cripple how to dance,† Tyrion said. â€Å"However sincere the lesson, the result is likely to be grotesque. Still, I know what it is to love a brother, Lord Snow. I will give Bran whatever small help is in my power.† â€Å"Thank you, my lord of Lannister.† He pulled off his glove and offered his bare hand. â€Å"Friend.† Tyrion found himself oddly touched. â€Å"Most of my kin are bastards,† he said with a wry smile, â€Å"but you're the first I've had to friend.† He pulled a glove off with his teeth and clasped Snow by the hand, flesh against flesh. The boy's grip was firm and strong. When he had donned his glove again, Jon Snow turned abruptly and walked to the low, icy northern parapet. Beyond him the Wall fell away sharply; beyond him there was only the darkness and the wild. Tyrion followed him, and side by side they stood upon the edge of the world. The Night's Watch permitted the forest to come no closer than half a mile of the north face of the Wall. The thickets of ironwood and sentinel and oak that had once grown there had been harvested centuries ago, to create a broad swath of open ground through which no enemy could hope to pass unseen. Tyrion had heard that elsewhere along the Wall, between the three fortresses, the wildwood had come creeping back over the decades, that there were places where grey-green sentinels and pale white weirwoods had taken root in the shadow of the Wall itself, but Castle Black had a prodigious appetite for firewood, and here the forest was still kept at bay by the axes of the black brothers. It was never far, though. From up here Tyrion could see it, the dark trees looming beyond the stretch of open ground, like a second wall built parallel to the first, a wall of night. Few axes had ever swung in that black wood, where even the moonlight could not penetrate the ancient tangle of root and thorn and grasping limb. Out there the trees grew huge, and the rangers said they seemed to brood and knew not men. It was small wonder the Night's Watch named it the haunted forest. As he stood there and looked at all that darkness with no fires burning anywhere, with the wind blowing and the cold like a spear in his guts, Tyrion Lannister felt as though he could almost believe the talk of the Others, the enemy in the night. His jokes of grumkins and snarks no longer seemed quite so droll. â€Å"My uncle is out there,† Jon Snow said softly, leaning on his spear as he stared off into the darkness. â€Å"The first night they sent me up here, I thought, Uncle Benjen will ride back tonight, and I'll see him first and blow the horn. He never came, though. Not that night and not any night.† â€Å"Give him time,† Tyrion said. Far off to the north, a wolf began to howl. Another voice picked up the call, then another. Ghost cocked his head and listened. â€Å"If he doesn't come back,† Jon Snow promised, â€Å"Ghost and I will go find him.† He put his hand on the direwolf's head. â€Å"I believe you,† Tyrion said, but what he thought was, And who will go find you? He shivered.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 5

12 For days thereafter Hari Seldon neglected his departmental duties to use his computer in its news-gathering mode. There were not many computers capable of handling the daily news from twenty-five million worlds. There were a number of them at Imperial headquarters, where they were absolutely necessary. Some of the larger Outer World capitals had them as well, though most were satisfied with hyperconnection to the Central Newspost on Trantor. A computer at an important Mathematics Department could, if it were sufficiently advanced, be modified as an independent news source and Seldon had been careful to do that with his computer. It was, after all, necessary for his work on psychohistory, though the computer's capabilities were carefully ascribed to other, exceedingly plausible reasons. Ideally the computer would report anything that was out of the ordinary on any world of the Empire. A coded and unobtrusive warning light would make itself evident and Seldon could track it down easily. Such a light rarely showed, for the definition of â€Å"out of the ordinary† was tight and intense and dealt with large-scale and rare upheavals. What one did in its absence was to ring in various worlds at random-not all twenty-five million, of course, but some dozens. It was a depressing and even debilitating task, for there were no worlds that didn't have their daily relatively minor catastrophes. A volcanic eruption here, a flood there, an economic collapse of one sort or another yonder, and, of course, riots. There had not been a day in the last thousand years that there had not been riots over something or other on each of a hundred or more different worlds. Naturally such things had to be discounted. One could scarcely worry about riots any more than one could about volcanic eruptions when both were constants on inhabited worlds. Rather, if a day should come in which not one riot was reported anywhere, that might be a sign of something so unusual as to warrant the gravest concern. Concern was what Seldon could not make himself feel. The Outer Worlds, with all their disorders and misfortunes, were like a great ocean on a peaceful day, with a gentle swell and minor heavings-but no more. He found no evidence of any overall situation that clearly showed a decline in the last eight years or even in the last eighty. Yet Demerzel (in Demerzel's absence, Seldon could no longer think of him as Daneel) said the decline was continuing and he had his finger on the Empire's pulse from day to day in ways that Seldon could not duplicate-until such time as he would have the guiding power of psychohistory at his disposal. It could be that the decline was so small that it was unnoticeable till some crucial point was reached-like a domicile that slowly wears out and deteriorates, showing no signs of that deterioration until one night when the roof collapses. When would the roof collapse? That was the problem and Seldon had no answer. And on occasion, Seldon would check on Trantor itself. There, the news was always considerably more substantial. For one thing, Trantor was the most highly populated of all the worlds, with its forty billion people. For another, its eight hundred sectors formed a mini-Empire all its own. For a third, there were the tedious rounds of governmental functions and the doings of the Imperial family to follow. What struck Seldon's eyes, however, was in the Dahl Sector. The elections for the Dahl Sector Council had placed five Joranumites into office. This was the first time, according to the commentary, that Joranumites had achieved sector office. It was not surprising. Dahl was a Joranumite stronghold if any sector was, but Seldon found it a disturbing indication of the progress being made by the demagogue. He ordered a microchip of the item and took it home with him that evening. Raych looked up from his computer as Seldon entered and apparently felt the need to explain himself. â€Å"I'm helping Mom on some reference material she needs,† he said. â€Å"What about your own work?† â€Å"Done, Dad. All done.† â€Å"Good. Look at this.† He showed Raych the chip in his hand before slipping it into the microprojector. Raych glanced at the news item hanging in the air before his eyes and said, â€Å"Yes, I know.† â€Å"You do?† â€Å"Sure. I usually keep track of Dahl. You know, home sector and all.† â€Å"And what do you think about it?† â€Å"I'm not surprised. Are you? The rest of Trantor treats Dahl like dirt. Why shouldn't they go for Joranum's views?† â€Å"Do you go for them also?† â€Å"Well-† Raych twisted his face thoughtfully. â€Å"I got to admit some things he says appeal to me. He says he wants equality for all people. What's wrong with that?† â€Å"Nothing at all-if he means it. If he's sincere. If he isn't just using it as a ploy to get votes.† â€Å"True enough, Dad, but most Dahlites probably figure: What's there to lose? We don't have equality now, though the laws say we do.† â€Å"It's a hard thing to legislate.† â€Å"That's not something to cool you off when you're sweating to death.† Seldon was thinking rapidly. He had been thinking since he had come across this item. He said, â€Å"Raych, you haven't been in Dahl since your mother and I took you out of the sector, have you?† â€Å"Sure I was, when I went with you to Dahl five years ago on your visit there.† â€Å"Yes yes†-Seldon waved a hand in dismissal-â€Å"but that doesn't count. We stayed at an intersector hotel, which was not Dahlite in the least, and, as I recall, Dors never once let you out on the streets alone. After all, you were only fifteen. How would you like to visit Dahl now, alone, in charge of yourself-now that you're fully twenty?† Raych chuckled. â€Å"Mom would never allow that.† â€Å"I don't say that I enjoy the prospect of facing her with it, but I don't intend to ask her permission. The question is: Would you be willing to do this for me?† â€Å"Out of curiosity? Sure. I'd like to see what's happened to the old place.† â€Å"Can you spare the time from your studies?† â€Å"Sure. I'll never miss a week or so. Besides, you can tape the lectures and I'll catch up when I get back. I can get permission. After all, my old man's on the faculty-unless you've been fired, Dad.† â€Å"Not yet. But I'm not thinking of this as a fun vacation.† â€Å"I'd be surprised if you did. I don't think you know what a fun vacation is, Dad. I'm surprised you know the phrase.† â€Å"Don't be impertinent. When you go there, I want you to meet with Laskin Joranum.† Raych looked startled. â€Å"How do I do that? I don't know where he's gonna be.† â€Å"He's going to be in Dahl. He's been asked to speak to the Dahl Sector Council with its new Joranumite members. We'll find out the exact day and you can go a few days earlier.† â€Å"And how do I get to see him, Dad? I don't figure he keeps open house.† â€Å"I don't, either, but I'll leave that up to you. You would have known how to do it when you were twelve. I hope your keen edge hasn't blunted too badly in the intervening years.† Raych smiled. â€Å"I hope not. But suppose I do see him. What then?† â€Å"Well, find out what you can. What's he's really planning. What he's really thinking.† â€Å"Do you really think he's gonna tell me?† â€Å"I wouldn't be surprised if he does. You have the trick of inspiring confidence, you miserable youngster. Let's talk about it.† And so they did. Several times. Seldon's thoughts were painful. He was not sure where all this was leading to, but he dared not consult Yugo Amaryl or Demerzel or (most of all) Dors. They might stop him. They might prove to him that his idea was a poor one and he didn't want that proof. What he planned seemed the only gateway to salvation and he didn't want it blocked. But did the gateway exist at all? Raych was the only one, it seemed to Seldon, who could possibly manage to worm himself into Joranum's confidence, but was Raych the proper tool for the purpose? He was a Dahlite and sympathetic to Joranum. How far could Seldon trust him? Horrible? Raych was his son-and Seldon had never had occasion to mistrust Raych before. 13 If Seldon doubted the efficacy of his notion, if he feared that it might explode matters prematurely or move them desperately in the wrong direction, if he was filled with an agonizing doubt as to whether Raych could be entirely trusted to fulfill his part suitably, he nevertheless had no doubt-no doubt whatever-as to what Dors's reaction would be when presented with the fait accompli. And he was not disappointed-if that was quite the word to express his emotion. Yet, in a manner, he was disappointed, for Dors did not raise her voice in horror as he had somehow thought she would, as he had prepared himself to withstand. But how was he to know? She was not as other women were and he had never seen her truly angry. Perhaps it was not in her to be truly angry-or what he would consider to be truly angry. She was merely cold-eyed and spoke with low-voiced bitter disapproval. â€Å"You sent him to Dahl? Alone?† Very softly. Questioningly. For a moment Seldon quailed at the quiet voice. Then he said firmly, â€Å"I had to. It was necessary.† â€Å"Let me understand. You sent him to that den of thieves, that haunt of assassins, that conglomeration of all that is criminal?† â€Å"Dors! You anger me when you speak like that. I would expect only a bigot to use those stereotypes.† â€Å"You deny that Dahl is as I have described?† â€Å"Of course. There are criminals and slums in Dahl. I know that very well. We both know that. But not all of Dahl is like that. And there are criminals and slums in every sector, even in the Imperial Sector and in Streeling.† â€Å"There are degrees, are there not? One is not ten. If all the worlds are crime-ridden, if all the sectors are crime-ridden, Dahl is among the worst, is it not? You have the computer. Check the statistics.† â€Å"I don't have to. Dahl is the poorest sector on Trantor and there is a positive correlation between poverty, misery, and crime. I grant you that.† â€Å"You grant me that! And you sent him alone? You might have gone with him, or asked me to go with him, or sent half a dozen of his schoolmates with him. They would have welcomed a respite from their work, I'm sure.† â€Å"What I need him for requires that he be alone.† â€Å"And what do you need him for?† But Seldon was stubbornly silent about that. Dors said, â€Å"Has it come to this? You don't trust me?† â€Å"It's a gamble. I alone dare take the risk. I can't involve you or anyone else.† â€Å"But it's not you taking the risk. It's poor Raych.† â€Å"He's not taking any risk,† said Seldon impatiently. â€Å"He's twenty years old, young and vigorous and as sturdy as a tree-and I don't mean the saplings we have here under glass on Trantor. I'm talking about a good solid tree in the Heliconian forests. And he's a twister, which the Dahlites aren't.† â€Å"You and your twisting,† said Dors, her coldness not thawing one whit. â€Å"You think that's the answer to everything. The Dahlites carry knives. Every one of them. Blasters, too, I'm sure.† â€Å"I don't know about blasters. The laws are pretty strict when it comes to blasters. As for knives, I'm positive Raych carries one. He even carries a knife on campus here, where it's strictly against the law. Do you think he won't have one in Dahl?† Dors remained silent. Seldon was also silent for a few minutes, then decided it might be time to placate her. He said, â€Å"Look, I'll tell you this much. I'm hoping he'll see Joranum, who will be visiting Dahl.† â€Å"Oh? And what do you expect Raych to do? Fill him with bitter regrets over his wicked politics and send him back to Mycogen?† â€Å"Come. Really. If you're going to take this sardonic attitude, there's no use discussing it.† He looked away from her, out the window at the blue-gray sky under the dome. â€Å"What I expect him to do†-and his voice faltered for a moment â€Å"is save the Empire.† â€Å"To be sure. That would be much easier.† Seldon's voice firmed. â€Å"It's what I expect. You have no solution. Demerzel himself has no solution. He as much as said that the solution rests with me. That's what I'm striving for and that's what I need Raych for in Dahl. After all, you know that ability of his to inspire affection. It worked with us and I'm convinced it will work with Joranum. If I am right, all may be well.† Dors's eyes widened a trifle. â€Å"Are you now going to tell me that you are being guided by psychohistory?† â€Å"No. I'm not going to lie to you. I have not reached the point where I can be guided in any way by psychohistory, but Yugo is constantly talking about intuition-and I have mine.† â€Å"Intuition! What's that? Define it!† â€Å"Easily. Intuition is the art, peculiar to the human mind, of working out the correct answer from data that is, in itself, incomplete or even, perhaps, misleading.† â€Å"And you've done it.† And Seldon said with firm conviction, â€Å"Yes, I have.† But to himself, he thought what he dared not share with Dors. What if Raych's charm were gone? Or, worse, what if the consciousness of being a Dahlite became too strong for him? 14 Billibotton was Billibotton-dirty, sprawling, dark, sinuous Billibotton-exuding decay and yet full of a vitality that Raych was convinced was to be found nowhere else on Trantor. Perhaps it was to be found nowhere else in the Empire, though Raych knew nothing, firsthand, of any world but Trantor. He had last seen Billibotton when he was not much more than twelve, but even the people seemed to be the same; still a mixture of the hangdog and the irreverent; filled with a synthetic pride and a grumbling resentment; the men marked by their dark rich mustaches and the women by their sacklike dresses that now looked tremendously slatternly to Raych's older and more worldly wise eyes. How could women with dresses like that attract men? But it was a foolish question. Even when he was twelve, he had had a pretty clear idea of how easily and quickly they could be removed. So he stood there, lost in thought and memory, passing along a street of store windows and trying to convince himself that he remembered this particular place or that and wondering if, among them all, there were people he did remember who were now eight years older. Those, perhaps, who had been his boyhood friends-and he thought uneasily of the fact that, while he remembered some of the nicknames they had pinned on each other, he could not remember any real names. In fact, the gaps in his memory were enormous. It was not that eight years was such a long time, but it was two fifths of the lifetime of a twenty-year-old and his life since leaving Billibotton had been so different that all before it had faded like a misty dream. But the smells were there. He stopped outside a bakery, low and dingy, and smelled the coconut icing that reeked through the air-that he had never quite smelled elsewhere. Even when he had stopped to buy tarts with coconut icing, even when they were advertised as â€Å"Dahl-style,† they had been faint imitations-no more. He felt strongly tempted. Well, why not? He had the credits and Dors was not there to wrinkle her nose and wonder aloud how clean-or, more likely, not clean-the place might be. Who worried about clean in the old days? The shop was dim and it took a while for Raych's eyes to acclimate. There were a few low tables in the place, with a couple of rather insubstantial chairs at each, undoubtedly where people might have a light repast, the equivalent of moka and tarts. A young man sat at one of the tables, an empty cup before him, wearing a once-white T-shirt that probably would have looked even dirtier in a better light. The baker or, in any case, a server stepped out from a room in the rear and said in a rather surly fashion, â€Å"What'll ya have?† â€Å"A coke-icer,† said Raych in just as surly a fashion (he would not be a Billibottoner if he displayed courtesy), using the slang term he remembered well from the old days. The term was still current, for the server handed him the correct item, using his bare fingers. The boy, Raych, would have taken that for granted, but now the man, Raych, felt taken slightly aback. â€Å"You want a bag?† â€Å"No,† said Raych, â€Å"I'll eat it here.† He paid the server and took the coke-icer from the other's hand and bit into its richness, his eyes half closing as he did so. It had been a rare treat in his boyhood-sometimes when he had scrounged the necessary credit to buy one with, sometimes when he had received a bite from a temporarily wealthy friend, most often when he had lifted one when nobody was watching. Now he could buy as many as he wished. â€Å"Hey,† said a voice. Raych opened his eyes. It was the man at the table, scowling at him. Raych said gently, â€Å"Are you speaking to me, bub?† â€Å"Yeah. What'chuh Join'?† â€Å"Eatin' a coke-icer. What's it to ya?† Automatically he had assumed the Billibotton way of talking. It was no strain at all. â€Å"What'chuh doin' in Billibotton?† â€Å"Born here. Raised here. In a bed. Not in a street, like you.† The insult came easily, as though he had never left home. â€Å"That so? You dress pretty good for a Billibottoner. Pretty fancy-dancy. Got a perfume stink about ya.† And he held up a little finger to imply effeminacy. â€Å"I won't talk about your stink. I went up in the world.† â€Å"Up in the world? La-dee-da. † Two other men stepped into the bakery. Raych frowned slightly, for he wasn't sure whether they had been summoned or not. The man at the table said to the newcomers, â€Å"This guy's gone up in the world. Says he's a Billibottoner.† One of the two newcomers shambled a mock salute and grinned with no appearance of amiability. His teeth were discolored. â€Å"Ain't that nice? It's always good to see a Billibottoner go up in the world. Gives 'em a chance to help their poor unfor'chnit sector people. Like, credits. You can always spare a credit or two for the poor, hey?† â€Å"How many you got, mister?† said the other, the grin disappearing. â€Å"Hey,† said the man behind the counter. â€Å"All you guys get out of my store. I don't want no trouble in here.† â€Å"There'll be no trouble,† said Raych. â€Å"I'm leaving.† He made to go, but the seated man put a leg in his way. â€Å"Don't go, pal. We'd miss yer company.† (The man behind the counter, clearly fearing the worst, disappeared into the rear.) Raych smiled. He said, â€Å"One time when I was in Billibotton, guys, I was with my old man and old lady and there were ten guys who stopped us. Ten. I counted them. We had to take care of them.† â€Å"Yeah?† said the one who had been speaking. â€Å"Yer old man took care of ten?† â€Å"My old man? Nah. He wouldn't waste his time. My old lady did. And I can do it better than she can. And there are only three of you. So, if you don't mind, out of the way.† â€Å"Sure. Just leave all your credits. Some of your clothes, too.† The man at the table rose to his feet. There was a knife in his hand. â€Å"There you are,† said Raych. â€Å"Now you're going to waste my time.† He had finished his coke-icer and he half-turned. Then, as quickly as thought, he anchored himself to the table, while his right leg shot out and the point of his toe landed unerringly in the groin of the man with the knife. Down he went with a loud cry. Up went the table, driving the second man toward the wall and keeping him there, while Raych's right arm flashed out, with the edge of the palm striking hard against the larynx of the third, who coughed and went down. It had taken two seconds and Raych now stood there with a knife in each hand and said, â€Å"Now which one of you wants to move?† They glared at him but remained frozen in place and Raych said, â€Å"In that case, I will now leave.† But the server, who had retreated to the back room, must have summoned help, for three more men had now entered the store, while the server screeched, â€Å"Troublemakers! Nothing but troublemakers!† The newcomers were dressed alike in what was obviously a uniform-but one that Raych had never seen. Trousers were tucked into boots, loose green T-shirts were belted, and odd semispherical hats that looked vaguely comic were perched on top of their heads. On the front of the left shoulder of each T-shirt were the letters Jo.** They had the Dahlite look about them but not quite the Dahlite mustache. The mustaches were black and thick, but they were carefully trimmed at lip level and were kept from luxuriating too widely. Raych allowed himself an internal sneer. They lacked the vigor of his own wild mustache, but he had to admit they looked neat and clean. The leader of these three men said, â€Å"I'm Corporal Quinber. What's been going on here?† The defeated Billibottoners were scrambling to their feet, clearly the worse for wear. One was still doubled over, one was rubbing his throat, and the third acted as though one of his shoulders had been wrenched. The corporal stared at them with a philosophic eye, while his two men blocked the door. He turned to Raych-the one man who seemed untouched. â€Å"Are you a Billibottoner, boy?† â€Å"Born and bred, but I've lived elsewhere for eight years.† He let the Billibotton accent recede, but it was still there, at least to the extent that it existed in the corporal's speech as well. There were other parts of Dahl aside from Billibotton and some parts with considerable aspirations to gentility. Raych said, â€Å"Are you security officers? I don't seem to recall the uniform you're-â€Å" â€Å"We're not security officers. You won't find security officers in Billibotton much. We're the Joranum Guard and we keep the peace here. We know these three and they've been warned. We'll take care of them. You're our problem, buster. Name. Reference number.† Raych told them. â€Å"And what happened here?† Raych told them. â€Å"And your business here?† Raych said, â€Å"Look here. Do you have the right to question me? If you're not security officers-â€Å" â€Å"Listen,† said the corporal in a hard voice, â€Å"don't you question rights. We're all there is in Billibotton and we have the right because we take the right. You say you beat up these three men and I believe you. But you won't beat us up. We're not allowed to carry blasters-† And with that, the corporal slowly pulled out a blaster. â€Å"Now tell me your business here.† Raych sighed. If he had gone directly to a sector hall, as he should have done-if he had not stopped to drown himself in nostalgia for Billibotton and coke-icers- He said, â€Å"I have come on important business to see Mr. Joranum, and since you seem to be part of his organi-â€Å" â€Å"To see the leader?† â€Å"Yes, Corporal.† â€Å"With two knives on you?† â€Å"For self-defense. I wasn't going to have them on me when I saw Mr. Joranum.† â€Å"So you say. We're taking you into custody, mister. We'll get to the bottom of this. It may take time, but we will.† â€Å"But you don't have the right. You're not the legally const-â€Å" â€Å"Well, find someone to complain to. Till then, you're ours.† And the knives were confiscated and Raych was taken into custody.

A report on the macroeconomic policy settings In Australia

A report on the macroeconomic policy settings In Australia Abstract Australia has set up regulatory reforms aimed at improving and promoting its governance. Special attention has been directed towards such aspects as trade, market openness, competition and regulatory management. These reforms have enabled Australia to succeed in weathering the recent global financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A report on the macroeconomic policy settings In Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These reforms, together with the introduction of robust monetary and fiscal policies, have enhanced growth in the country. Effective trade policies such as dismantling of trade barriers and creation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have enhanced greater and faster gains. Some of the major challenges that the country faces include, an increase in terms of trade and an ageing population. In an effort to enhance its economic wellbeing, the government should set macroeconomic policies s uch as economic growth, inflation, unemployment and trade policies. In particular, the government should improve its infrastructural facilities and also promote force labor participation. Introduction It is apparent that the uncertainty that has gripped the world economy is slowly manifesting itself in Australia’s corporate sector, where chief executives are under pressure to put in place measures that will keep their companies afloat in the face of a receding global economy. As a result, every country should make progress towards restoring the macroeconomic stability. In order for macroeconomic stability to be achieved, all the stakeholders should be committed to policy implementation. Australia has made considerable progress in enhancing its long-term economic stability. A vital question is to whether this economic growth can be sustained. This depends on the evolution of the fundamental determinants of economic growth, especially those that have contributed to the most gro wth improvements in recent years (United Nations, Economic and Social Council, United Nations, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination, 2004, 107). The following research report focuses on the macroeconomic policy settings, currently being applied in Australia. The report examines aspects such as economic growth policies, unemployment polices, inflation policies and trade, which are currently in use. Economic growth and inflation policies currently being applied in Australia Australia’s economic performance has been impressive, in spite of the recent global financial crisis. The key to this impressive performance has been the adoption of both monetary and fiscal policies in a medium term framework. The setting of these policies has enhanced macroeconomic stability. Monetary policy operates in medium term framework and targets the inflation. It is based on the independence of the central bank as well as the floating exchange regime. Its purpose is to ensure that the rate of inflation is kept low, as much as possible.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A graph of Australian Economy in the last Three Decades Obtained from: worldgameofeconomics.com The Reserve Bank, commonly referred as the RBA, has the role of maintaining the inflation rate at around 3 % over a trade cycle, while maintaining sound monetary conditions. To achieve this objective, the RBA compares the current inflation predicts with a specified inflation rate. Since 1993, the RBA has adopted an explicit inflation targeting approach (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010, 49). Fiscal policy in Australia is aimed at balancing the budgetary deficits over a trade cycle. Fiscal policy thus, provides the investors and consumers with a high degree of confidence in spite of the recent economic crisis. In Australia, the fiscal policy helped to balance the bud getary deficit in 1997-1998. Between 198-1999, the fiscal policy moved the Australian finance into surplus. The fiscal policy is currently aimed at further improving the government’s finances (International Monetary Fund, 2006, 9-14). Other than using the monetary and fiscal policies in enhancing its economic growth, the Australian government has also set up regulatory reforms aimed at improving and promoting its governance. The government has advocated for credible and transparent macroeconomic frameworks. The structural reforms have resulted to greater flexibility in exchange rates and a better anchoring of the monetary policy. Structural reforms have also provided the central bank with greater credibility in maintaining low rates of inflation (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Australia, 2010, 99-100). The appreciation of the Australian dollar over the last decade has also enhanced the country’s economic growth. Stiff competition among the vario us financial intermediaries has led to a continued reduction of interest rate margins. The economic growth in Australia is aimed at reducing the unemployment rates in the future (Sloman, Norris, Garratt, 2010, 287-345).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on A report on the macroeconomic policy settings In Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A graph illustrating Australia’s GDP growth Obtained from: bilbo.economicoutlook.net Unemployment polices currently being applied in Australia The recent global economic crisis has stretched well beyond Australia. It has seen millions of workers across the globe being laid off. Globally, unemployment crisis has become a vast human tragedy (Bell, 2000, 1). The Australian government has laid sound policies that are aimed at attaining full employment. The Australian government has been forced to revise its past unemployment policies, with a view of achieving full employme nt. With this regards, the Skills for the Future Inquiry and the Review of South Australian Employment Programs have been set in order to tackle the unemployment crisis. Other policies and strategies that have been undertaken by the Australian government in tackling the unemployment challenges include: the South Australian Strategic Plan, Prosperity through people, Better Skills, Better Work, Better State Strategy and Skills Strategy for South Australia’s Future among others. These strategies have played an important role in creating a high-skill economy, enhancing access to quality employment and superior workforce planning. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation Development (2010), Australia has gone further in addressing the unemployment crisis than any other country in Asia-Pacific region. However, the country faces a major challenge with regards to an ageing population. It is estimated that the Australia’s working-age population grows by approxima tely 200,000 annually. The ageing population can slow the economic growth as only a small percentage of population in work is forced to support those too old to work. In combating the negative effects of population ageing, the country has set up such measures as enhancing productivity e.t.c. (Emerson, C.2006, 35). A graph of Australia’s inflation and unemployment from 1995 to date Obtained from: aussiestockforums.comAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Trade policies currently being applied in Australia Trade and investment have been major driving forces behind Australia’s economic prosperity and growth. More than 2 million jobs in the country are directly or indirectly connected to imports and exports. Currently, mining is the main economic activity in Australia. The country usually gets bigger and faster gains by allowing regional free trade between its neighbors. A chart illustrating Australia’s export Obtained from: dfat.gov.au The country’s trade policy is aimed at dismantling the trade barriers with a view of generating immediate gains. This move has enhanced people’s initiative and exchange. Australia strongly supports the World Trade Organization as the main medium for international trade liberalization. In 2001, the Australian government launched the multilateral trade objective during the Doha round of trade negotiations. The round is aimed at reducing trade barriers and also to Promote Aust ralian goods and services internationally. Australian government has thus encouraged the World Trade Organization to fully participate in the round of trade negotiations. In addressing fluctuations of prices of agricultural products in international market, Australian government joined other nations in forming the Cairns Group. This group focuses on achieving positive outcomes on agricultural products. Some of the progress that has been achieved so far includes elimination of trade barriers for agricultural products and creation of export subsidies, among others (Gangopadhyay Chatterji, 2005, 13). Australia is also a strong supporter of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), group which is aimed at enhancing cooperation, economic growth and prosperity in the region. The group ensures that there is free trade and open trade in the wider Asia-Pacific region. In meeting its objectives, the group leaders have acted to improve security in the region. Economic prosperity cannot be attained without adequate security and thus, the group leaders during a meeting that was held in 2003, proposed the need of enhancing the regional security. With this regards, the APEC group leaders are vested with the responsibility of countering terrorism and securing trade (Yamazawa, 2000, 1). In an effort to promote its goods and services internationally, Australia negotiates Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), with its key trading partners. FTAs play an important role of opening up all trade in goods, providing an environment that is conducive for trade and investment and negotiating trade deals for member countries. Australia alliance relationship with New Zealand is important as far as trade and investment are concerned. The Australia New Zealand economic relations began in the early 1980s. Both countries signed the Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations (CER) agreement, which supports all the trans-Tasman trade and investments of both countries. Australia has also formed Free Trade Agreements with other countries across the globe such as the United States, Singapore and Thailand (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005, 77). Australia’s Balance of Payment Obtained from: agsm.edu.au Conclusions and Recommendations The current macroeconomic performances have proved to be impressive. The country has succeeded in achieving economic growth and prosperity in the face of the global recession. Macroeconomic performances have also resulted to a fall in the unemployment rate to around 6 %. Also, the rate of inflation has remained relatively low making Australia to be one of the few OECD countries with improved standards of living. However, the country faces a short term challenge of managing the adverse effects of rise of prices of goods and services in the past few years. The increase in commodities price has in turn increased the terms of trade. The government also faces long term challenge of labor supply following the population ageing. In addressi ng these challenges, the government should consider enhancing efficiency of its services by clarifying responsibilities and improving cooperation in key sectors of the economy such as agriculture and mining. Similarly, the government can enhance productivity by up-skilling the workforce, improving infrastructural facilities such as road networks among others. To address the effects of ageing population on labor supply, the government should promote labor force participation to notable groups such as women, disabled, single parents and the old. Also, monetary and fiscal expansion should be carefully kept in check. Reference List Australian Bureau of Statistics., 2005. Year book, Australia, Issue 87. Canberra: Aust. Bureau of Statistics. Bell, S., 2000. The unemployment crisis in Australia: which way out? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Emerson, C., 2006. Vital signs, vibrant society: securing Australias economic and social wellbeing. New South Wales: UNSW Press. Gangopadhyay, P Chatterji, M., 2005. Economic globalization in Asia. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. International Monetary Fund., 2006. Australia: selected issues. Washington: International Monetary Fund. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development., 2010. Australia: towards a seamless national economy. Paris: OECD Publishing. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Australia., 2010. Towards a seamless national economy. Paris: OECD Publishing. Sloman, J., Norris, K. Garratt, D., 2010. Principles of Economics: Edition3. New Jersey: Pearson Education Australia. United Nations, Economic and Social Council, United Nations, Office for ECOSOC Support and Coordination., 2004. Supporting Africas efforts to achieve sustainable development: dialogues at the Economic and Social Council. New York: United Nations Publications. Yamazawa, I., 2000. Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): challenges and tasks for the twenty-first century. London: Routledge.

A Narrative Report on the Mass Training for Grade Essay Essays

A Narrative Report on the Mass Training for Grade Essay Essays A Narrative Report on the Mass Training for Grade Essay Essay A Narrative Report on the Mass Training for Grade Essay Essay The K-12 Curriculum for the Grade 3 instructors was so a really successful one. The preparation was started with smiling faces shown by each participant. This is a manifestation that the Grade 3 instructors are willing and of all time ready to encompass the mission tasked by God ; and that is to implement to the full the K-12 Curriculum with your heads. Black Marias. and souls. The Mass Training for GRADE 3 instructors on the Basic Education Curriculum started on May 18. 2014 in the afternoon. Delegates from the different schools in the Division of Tuguegarao City were made to register before the start of the Sessionss. After which. an opening plan was started with a supplication led by Mrs. Juliet B. Alan. Master Teacher 1. followed by the vocalizing of the national anthem with Mrs. Liezel Santos. Master Teacher 1. conducting. An gap plan started the one-week long preparation. Dr. Benito Alipio. the Asst. Schools Division Superintendent of the division gave his gap comments and he emphasized that a 20 -first century instructors must larn. unlearn and relearn the accomplishments needed to bring forth a 21st century scholars who are equipped with twenty-first century accomplishments such as information media and engineering accomplishments. larning an invention accomplishments. communicating accomplishments and life calling accomplishments. Dr. Gilbert N. Tong. the Schools Division Superintendent. CESO VI. gave besides his inspirational message. He truly inspired us. instructors. to make our portion in developing a twenty-first century scholars who are developed with equal cognition and accomplishments that readily interpret into public presentation. Dr. Rommel Costales. the Education Program Supervisor in Filipino. discussed about the K to 12 Curriculum. He introduced the Secretary’s message on K to 12 Updates and he farther emphasized on some of import issues sing the course of study. Mrs. Vilma Darisan. Principal II. of Tagga-Dadda Elementary Schools. was the last talker and she talked about the â€Å"Assessment† . She discussed comprehensively her subject. We ended the Day 0 full of enthusiasm. Day 1 started with a simple plan led by Northeast District. It was started with a supplication so followed by the vocalizing of the national anthem. The delegates in every territory introduced themselves with their ain originative manner of presentation that made the session gratifying. Dr. Janette M. Dulin. Principal IV of Linao Elementary Schools. lectured on the â€Å"Grade Three Learners. † She gave us enlightening talk which made us clearer understanding on the features of class III 21st. century scholars. The participants performed different activities during her talk. After her talk. she sub-divided the whole group into 2. Each group went on their several assignments. Class A started their session on â€Å"Leveling of Expectations† done by Mrs. Lou Marie Miguel. Principal II of Larion Alto. She gave accent on the expected attitudes that each participants must possess. On the other group. Class B. was led by Mrs. Liezel Santos and disused the same subject. Mrs. Juliet B. Alan. Master Teacher I of Annafunan Elementary School. lectured comprehensively about the Araling Panlipunan topic. The participants actively participated on the different activities during her session with them. Mrs. Eleanor Cacacho and Mrs. Zenaida Rivamora. EPS I in Science and Social Studies. with Dr. Rommel Costales. EPS II in Filipino witnessed her talk. Mrs. Lou Marie Miguel. Principal II of Larion Alto. lectured the Science topic. She truly gave us a significant talk. Mrs. Analyn Quilang. Principal II of Pengue Ruyu. tackled on the â€Å"Edukasyon SA Pagpapakatao. † She delivered besides her talk with enthusiasm. On Day 2. Class A had their MTB with Dr. Janette Dulin as the first talker while on Class B. Mrs. Catalon. lectured on Music. Both talkers delivered their subject energetically and well. On the same twenty-four hours. Mrs. Evangeline Palejo. tackled about the English topic in Class A while Mrs. Analyn Quilang lectured on ESP in Class B with the presence of Dr. Norma Guillermo. Chief Education Program Supervisor in Elementary Division. Dr. Guillermo felt happy with the positive feedbacks she received on the public presentations of the trainers every bit good as the participants. Day 3 ( May 21. 2014 ) . the session was chaired by the participants of the West District. Same preliminary activities were made to get down the day’s session. The first lector was Dr. Janette Dulin. She continued her subject sing the MTB in Class A intelligently as manifested with the active engagement of the trainees. On the same clip. Mrs. Vilma Darisan presented her subject in Math. She discussed her subject enthusiastically in Class B. The trainees listened and focused themselves intently during her treatment. After which. Mrs. Catalon. and Mrs Vilma Darisan lectured on Music and Mathematics in Class A and B severally. With their expertness in showing their topics. they and the trainees enjoyed together their Sessionss. Liezel Trumata. the trainer in Health. so followed by Mrs. Juliet Alan who tackled about the Araling Panlipunan in Class B besides discussed their subjects intelligently. On the 4th twenty-four hours ( May 22. 2014 ) . the first lectors are Mrs. Liezel Trumata and Mr. J. Attaban who taught Health and P. E. severally in Class A and B. Luckily. Mrs. Santos. was observed by Dr. Venturada Durian and Mr. Gayagoy both DepEd functionaries in the division while Mrs. Evangeline Palejo discussed her subject in English in Class B. Presentation instruction was done right after the last trainers had done their talks and it was done in the afternoon and continued on the 5th twenty-four hours. The undermentioned presentation instructors were ; Mrs. Emily Guiquing. MTB. Mrs. Emma Calimag. Math. Mrs. Norolaine Cabalos. Araling Panlipunan. Mrs. Salvacion Cabalza. Science. and Mrs. Jane Carino. P. E. All the presentation instructors performed good and showed their ain originative manner in learning their capable affairs. The students were antiphonal and actively participated in the different activities tasked by the instructors. After the demo-teaching. a critiquing was made to the instructors with their several trainers. The preparation was completed when Dr. Rommel Costales. Education Supervisor II in Filipino. the last lector. presented his subject about the ‘Commitment Building. ’ He elaborated further his subject by inquiring the trainees to observe down four cardinal words about their propensities on the K to 12 Curriculum with the usage of a paper aeroplane. Everyone enjoyed much the activity. He farther strengthened the propensities of the participants through a picture clips about a teacher-learner relationships which touched the Black Marias of each participants. As we went through twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours with this preparation. we were enriched and enlightened with the new penetrations and constructs that were needed to accomplish the Goal of the K-12 Curriculum and that is to go the twenty-first Century instructors bring forthing battalion twenty-first Century scholars – the hope of the hereafter coevals that could assist our section. the Department of Education. be the topmost bureau in our state and do our state imperfect. globally competitory and at par with other states. The preparation ended with a simple shutting plan but wit h full luggage of larning on the portion of the trainees every bit good as the trainers.

Calculate Osmotic Pressure Example Problem

Calculate Osmotic Pressure Example Problem This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the amount of solute to add to create a specific osmotic pressure in a solution. Osmotic Pressure Example Problem How much glucose (C6H12O6) per liter should be used for an intravenous solution to match the 7.65 atm at 37 degrees Celsius osmotic pressure of blood?Solution:Osmosis is the flow of a solvent into a solution through a semipermeable membrane. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that stops the process of osmosis. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property of a substance since it depends on the concentration of the solute and not its chemical nature.Osmotic pressure is expressed by the formula: ÃŽ   iMRT where ÃŽ   is the osmotic pressure in atm,  i van t Hoff factor of the solute,  M molar concentration in mol/L,  R universal gas constant 0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·K, and  T absolute temperature in Kelvin.Step 1:  Determine the van t Hoff factor.Since glucose does not dissociate into ions in solution, the van t Hoff factor 1.Step 2: Find the absolute temperature.T Degrees Celsius 273T 37 273T 310 KelvinStep 3:  Find the concentration of glucose.ÃŽ   iMRTM ÃŽ  /iRTM 7.65 atm/(1)(0.08206 L ·atm/mol ·K)(310)M 0.301 mol/LStep 4:  Find the amount of sucrose per liter.M mol/VolumeMol M ·VolumeMol 0.301 mol/L x 1 LMol 0.301 molFrom the periodic table:C 12 g/molH 1 g/molO 16 g/molMolar mass of glucose 6(12) 12(1) 6(16)Molar mass of glucose 72 12 96Molar mass of glucose 180 g/molMass of glucose 0.301 mol x 180 g/1 molMass of glucose 54.1 gramsAnswer:54.1 grams per liter of glucose should be used for an intravenous solution to match the 7.65 atm at 37 degrees Celsius osmotic pressure of blood. What Happens If You Get the Answer Wrong Osmotic pressure is critical when dealing with blood cells. If the solution is hypertonic to the cytoplasm of the red blood cells, the cells  will shrink through a process called crenation. If the solution is hypotonic with respect to the osmotic pressure of the cytoplasm, water will rush into the cells to try to reach equilibrium. This may cause the red blood cells to burst. In an isotonic solution, red and white blood cells maintain their normal structure and function. Its important to remember that there may be other solutes in the solution that affect osmotic pressure. If a solution is isotonic with respect to glucose but contains more or less of an ionic species (sodium ions, potassium ions, and so on), these species may migrate into or out of a cell to try to reach equilibrium.

Analytical Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical Framework - Essay Example The third component of analytical framework is the social assessment matrix model. Every component of the social assessment system is vital in identifying various aspects of articles. Posner develops an article that discusses the current issue within the US of treating financial consumers as consenting adults. Identifying whether Posner’s article meets the criteria of establishing social problems as well as solving them is only attainable through assessing the article using the various steps in social assessment process. The following is a step by step analysis of Posner’s article. Step-by-step analysis of Posner’s Article 1. Identification of the key social issues of interest to the business While conducting an article social assessment the first step is to identify some of the key social issues directly linked to the business, which the author has listed. In this step, all issues that affect operations of business are included while those that are too large or systematic for the business to cause a meaningful influence are excluded. Posner identifies varies social issues that directly affects operations of business. The first issue identified by Posner is consumer behavior. Consumer behavior is a vital concept in understanding how consumers purchase or consumer certain commodities. Posner’s identification of consumer behavior is based on financial products. ... Authenticity of articles is measured from the various sources of information that a researcher applied in compiling the information. Posner, in his attempt to develop an authentic, valid, and reliable article obtains data and information from different sources. For instance, Posner uses the Treasury Department as one of the source of information in developing the article. According to the author, Treasury Department’s assertion that there should be application of actual data about how people make financial decisions to develop oversight consumer finance is a vital source of information that helps in developing an authentic article. In addition, Posner uses utterances and assertions from, prominent persons such as Elizabeth Warren, Richard Thaler, and Robert Shiller. Other sources include previously done articles such as the Journal of Economic Perspective and National Bureau of Economic Research Paper. 3. Preliminary Classification and Prioritization of Issues This step requir es reducing the number of issues to manageable size. After identifying consumer behavior in respect to purchasing financial products as well as savings, Posner narrows down the discussion to consumers’ behavior towards purchasing financial products. Narrowing down to this social issue provides ample time and space to provide a critical evaluation of the same. 4. Measuring Current Performance Relative to Key Social Issues In attempts to solve problems or social issues identified, it is of significance when the researcher measures the current performance relative to the key social issues. While employing direct method of measurements, Posner identifies the fact that currently there has been poor consumption of financial product due to insufficient

Optimizing solar thermal resurce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Optimizing solar thermal resurce - Essay Example Such cities includes; Oakland 17%, San Franscisco 12% and Porland 10% (Ten top cities in U.S.A for renewable energy) . In his paper (Cleveland) explains how solar energy can be optimized. This paper represents a method of analyzing the financial costs and benefits of solar systems in commercial buildings using a model building. Assumption made are; the house is 30% below ASHRAE 90.1 standards, the owner is interested in investing on thermal technology and wanted to build the most efficient building possible, consideration of natural gases and electricity escalations as alternatives to solar energy. The model house was 50,000 sq feet and cost of building such a house in Calorina is $500,000 to 750,000 with fully installed HVAC system. Energy plus was used to map the building. The inputs for the energy plus simulation included, Raleigh, NC location, u-shaped office building of 50,000 sq ,30% energy savings among others and this led to projection output of heating system capacity 641 kBtu/hr (includes hot water usage), 87 tons of cooling capacity required, annual HVAC electricity use and annual natural gas use, hot water cooling. The model house was used to run 2 cooling scenarios one with traditional HVAC as control building and the other one with traditional cooling system and solar heating and cooling system (solar building).The sizing of thermal loads of absorption chiller was based on information sourced from energy plus and this ensured that it had that same output as HVAC system. The amount of solar thermal energy supplied to heating water, heating space and cooling the space was calculated using RET screen which is able to estimate energy production, savings ,cost, viability and risks of various renewable energy and energy efficient techniques. In order to determine the comparative value of solar heating and cooling system and traditional HVAC system, net present value (NPV) of each system

Assigment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assigment - Essay Example In addition, some companies have reviewed their policies in order to embrace changes that have occurred in relation to changes of gender roles. The attitude and behavior of how men and females are expected to act within the society has been changing tremendously, and some have a positive effect towards development of the society while others generate negative effects to the society (Lindsey 120). Traditionally, females were expected to earn less than males in society, but it is no longer an issue in the society today. Gender roles are learnt through the socialization process. The way a child is brought by the parent determines what roles the child will learn from the parents. Usually, children learn through examples from the parents and view their parents as their role models. Through this process, the children acquire gender roles. In addition, other institutions such as schools help in learning of the gender roles. Majority of males are not able to deal with the changes that occur in the society. Several changes have occurred regarding biological, education, parenting and genetic factors. As gender roles change, they have created new opportunities for females. Males face a huge dilemma trying to adjust to the changing gender roles. Take, for example, some males are not capable of adjusting when they find out that their wives earn more money than they earn. Men should be capable of embracing change whenever there is an adjustment of conventional gender roles (Lindsey 119). Because of the changing conventional gender roles, females have encountered many opportunities that open up from this change. These opportunities usually come with a price making some things take a slower change. Women no longer face discrimination in the workplace, which they used to face before because of adoption of new gender roles. However, though gender roles are changing, there are some things, which a female is always associated with, and there are those things,

Topic Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Topic Proposal - Essay Example Men object strongly to wearing a condom every time they have sex and would certainly object to the intrusiveness of any law requiring them to do so, but have no compulsions about demanding that a woman destroy her body because they didn’t. 1. Women, as independent free citizens of the world, have a right to make their own choices regarding their own bodies. Pregnancy can present numerous serious health risks and even more minor risks. At the least, the woman will experience weight gain, varicose veins, stretch marks and a potential caesarian scar if they go through with a pregnancy. 2. Women will continue to exercise their right to decide the direction of their own body even if it is taken away by law as ample evidence regarding illegal and unsafe abortions abounds from the era before it was made legal. 3. The Constitution protects the rights of women as U.S. citizens and therefore gives them the legal right to determine what to do with their body and places protections in place for her health and well-being. The fetus, not yet born and therefore not a U.S. citizen yet, has no such protections in place, nor should it at least until it is viable (able to survive outside of the womb). 4. Fetuses in fertility labs are destroyed all the time and thousands of pregnancies are never brought to term for a variety of natural and unnatural reasons so it is unreasonable to attempt to protect the rights of the not-yet-born, particularly when they infringe upon the rights of the already living. 1. Evidence exists to illustrate that the fetus is able to feel pain well before it is viable outside the womb, indicating that it is a living, feeling being and therefore should be protected under the law. 2. Legal abortions introduces the possibility for men to bully women into having an unwanted abortion or to use her unwillingness to have this abortion as an excuse to continue beating her or otherwise abusing her. By

Marketing Communications Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marketing Communications Plan - Case Study Example Once Zara have carefully analysed the internal and external business environment and critically examined the industry in general the most suitable marketing strategies will be selected and these strategies will be administered by effectively and continually monitoring external threats and opportunities and revising internal efficiency procedures. The market analysis investigates both the internal and external business environment. It is vital that Zara carefully monitor both the internal and external aspects regarding its business as both the internal and external environment and their respective influences will be decisive traits in relation to its success and survival in the industry. The internal business environment and its influence is that which is to some extent within the business's control. The main attributes in the internal environment include efficiency in the production process, through management skills and effective communication channels. To effectively control and monitor the internal business environment, Zara must conduct continual appraisals of the business's operations and readily act upon any factors, which cause inefficiencies in any phase of the production and consumer process (Tremblay and Martins-Filho, 2001). The External business environment and it... Changes in the external environment will create opportunities or threats in the market place Zara must be aware of. Fluctuations in the economy, changing customer attitudes and values, and demographic patterns heavily influence the success of Zara products in the market and the reception they receive from the consumers. SWOT Analysis: SWOT stands for Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats. SWOT analysis is a technique much used in much general management as well as marketing scenarios. SWOT consists of examining the current activities of the organisation- its Strengths and Weakness- and then using this and external research data to set out the Opportunities and Threats that exist. Strengths: Zara has been a complex part of UK culture since almost a decade. The product's image is loaded with over-romanticizing, and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The Zara image is displayed on T-shirts, hats, and collectible memorabilia. This extremely recognizable branding is one of Zara's greatest strengths. Additionally, decreased expenditure on advertising is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. Weaknesses: Weaknesses for any business need to be both minimised and monitored in order to effectively achieve productivity and efficiency in their business's activities, Zara is no exception. Although domestic business as well as many international markets are thriving but Zara has recently reported some declines in unit case volumes in different markets of the world. Opportunities: Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting Zara's competitive position. Zara's brand name is known well throughout the world today. The primary concern

Provide an account of a particular community group or community Issue Essay

Provide an account of a particular community group or community Issue using concepts drawn from sociology and social polict - Essay Example The Pennine Housing 2000 association is a statutory group that has been the social landlord in Calderdale since 2001; voted in by tenants to own and manage the Council's rented housing units, dealing with all aspects of the Council community and housing (Pennine Housing). The Pennine Housing staff is dedicated to ensuring a positive experience for their tenants, even when this means dealing with conflict between neighbours and complaints about certain tenants. This organisation is responsible for the assessment of community crime as well as the administration of justice for all parties involved. The Anti Social Behaviour Team was set up as a vital part of the Pennine Housing 2000 organisation specifically to deal with community disturbances that involved people whose actions can be classified as anti social; in other words, people who have trouble integrating into the community in a positive way. Anti social behaviour spans from disturbing neighbours with loud music to allowing your children to run around the community unsupervised; many different actions are covered under the umbrella of the Anti Social Behaviour Team. The Team vows firm action against any people who "choose to make their neighbours lives a misery" (Pennine Housing 2000 website). Social exclusio... This alienation can affect virtually all aspects of life, including income, employment, social standing and the availability of other opportunities (Pierson, 2002, 26). Although it is the aim of the Pennine Housing 2000 organisation to eliminate any kind of social exclusion from their jurisdiction, the stigma of Council housing perseveres and often leads to a feeling of national exclusion on the part of the tenants. The West Yorkshire Police Force is working together with Pennine Housing to address anti social behaviour and youth crimes; the Police Force recognises the fact that it cannot give the matter the full attention it requires due to other responsibilities; Pennine Housing is therefore essentially keeping track of anti social trends in troubled council neighbourhoods and is responsible for offering effective solutions to the crime problems in West Yorkshire. Due to Pennine Housing recommendations, the West Yorkshire Police are sending letters to the parents of children who engage in anti social activities, patrolling extra hours and arresting more youths for crimes that have been overlooked in the past (West Yorkshire Police online). Community Groups, Statutory Groups and Effects on Policing A Guardian article suggests that the key to defeating crime in certain neighbourhoods, such as Council housing estates, is to promote social cohesion (Reiner 2004). Social cohesion - what happens when a community is close, bonded and working together for common goals and a better future for subsequent generations (Barchas and Mendoza, 1984, pp.3-4) - is something that other Yorkshire groups are working towards as well as Pennine Housing. The Children and Young People's Partnership is dedicated to the prevention of anti social behaviour and crime in young

Marketing Communications Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Marketing Communications Plan - Case Study Example Once Zara have carefully analysed the internal and external business environment and critically examined the industry in general the most suitable marketing strategies will be selected and these strategies will be administered by effectively and continually monitoring external threats and opportunities and revising internal efficiency procedures. The market analysis investigates both the internal and external business environment. It is vital that Zara carefully monitor both the internal and external aspects regarding its business as both the internal and external environment and their respective influences will be decisive traits in relation to its success and survival in the industry. The internal business environment and its influence is that which is to some extent within the business's control. The main attributes in the internal environment include efficiency in the production process, through management skills and effective communication channels. To effectively control and monitor the internal business environment, Zara must conduct continual appraisals of the business's operations and readily act upon any factors, which cause inefficiencies in any phase of the production and consumer process (Tremblay and Martins-Filho, 2001). The External business environment and it... Changes in the external environment will create opportunities or threats in the market place Zara must be aware of. Fluctuations in the economy, changing customer attitudes and values, and demographic patterns heavily influence the success of Zara products in the market and the reception they receive from the consumers. SWOT Analysis: SWOT stands for Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats. SWOT analysis is a technique much used in much general management as well as marketing scenarios. SWOT consists of examining the current activities of the organisation- its Strengths and Weakness- and then using this and external research data to set out the Opportunities and Threats that exist. Strengths: Zara has been a complex part of UK culture since almost a decade. The product's image is loaded with over-romanticizing, and this is an image many people have taken deeply to heart. The Zara image is displayed on T-shirts, hats, and collectible memorabilia. This extremely recognizable branding is one of Zara's greatest strengths. Additionally, decreased expenditure on advertising is one of their greatest strengths. It allows them to conduct business on a global scale while at the same time maintain a local approach. Weaknesses: Weaknesses for any business need to be both minimised and monitored in order to effectively achieve productivity and efficiency in their business's activities, Zara is no exception. Although domestic business as well as many international markets are thriving but Zara has recently reported some declines in unit case volumes in different markets of the world. Opportunities: Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting Zara's competitive position. Zara's brand name is known well throughout the world today. The primary concern