Policy And Practice In the Education of Bilingual Children Essay

Policy And Practice In the Education of Bilingual Children - Essay ExampleThe sensible environment of the school and classroom Upon entering the school, a large map welcomes people with the sign that aver Welcome to our school. We come from all over the world and we speak 27 spoken communications. For each language, it was connected to the dry land of origin as indicated in the map. This sign gave a very warm welcome to any atomic number 53 who visited the school no matter what culture he or she comes from. An IT room is available for any EAL learner to use whenever one needs to consult a computer for spelling or grammar or anything that pertains to the English language. This additional resourcefulness to support their learning is another indication that the school anticipates learners needs and provides them when called for. The classroom observed had a prodigious inflatable globe which represents a wide range of diversity is accepted there. The children can freely search the globe and search for their own countries and link it to their native language. A trained EAL teacher was employed by the school to help facilitate the cognitive, language and literacy development of foreign children. Adults play a huge usance in the language development of children, as they need someone who uses simple language in enlighten form and is flexible enough adjust his language to suit the childs (Clay, 1988). Having a goodish second language teacher is essential to learning the language more fluently. The researcher does not fire the fact that imitation of proper pronunciation and intonation is necessary. Hence, learners should have attentive ears and retentive minds, and of course, cooperative tongues to be able to speak fluently in such language. Children also need opportunities to practice speaking and perceive to the second language outside the language lessons, so that... This paper approves that in EAL, scaffolding comes in iii forms, One is scaffolding by ad ults by making their expectations clear by sharing learning objectives and criteria for triumph with the students by way of modeling and demonstrating the English language, recasting of the childrens language from their L1 and providing them with opportunities to use their whole language repertoire to aid them in understanding their L2. The teacher may also use scaffolding done visual support, via pictures, props, models, frames and language prompts, graphic organizers, diagrams, maps, plans and essentially all the print and picture cues they put up in the environmental setting.This report makes a conclusion that the numerous issues on second language learning, especially English, barely prove that it is creating much impact on the development of children from diverse cultures. More and more people contract its advantages and possible disadvantages. Such amount of attention is worth it because people think up of ways on how to maximize its benefits. Learning another language apa rt from ones native language helps children be ready to be highly competent in an increasingly globalized world. However, although they become bilingual, it should not be disregarded that they also become bicultural, and learning of one language and the culture that goes with it does not mean forgetting their original one. Teachers should come across into consideration that their non-English speaking students should learn English in both its context and language elements so the students impinge on a better understanding and appreciation of the English language.

Environmental Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Environmental Accounting - Essay ExampleThe main(a) purpose of a traditional fiscal statement is to provide information solely on the matters which have a fabric financial impact on the company. As a result, the financial accountants and financial auditors pay attention to environmental issues (typically legal or regulatory) only in cases when the latter, for example, prevent the sale of goods in stock, volition make products obsolete, will require major capital expenditure to meet consent levels and so forth (Owen 2004). Such note in force(p)ly complicates the intensively debated problem of incorporating environmental data into financial statements of UK companies. This debate clearly suggests that the published financial statements of UK companies as they are at present may not provide an adequate means of assessing the conquest of the companies activities.Increasing globalization of business environment, coupled with growing concern over environmental issues has drawn seriou s attention to changing the traditional accountancy standards to incorporate social and environmental impact of companies operations. Harmonization of accounting standards to allow the transportability of accounting information and smo separate operation of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) has become the primary focal points of the new developments in accounting practice (Gray 2004). This paper represents an attempt to analyze the concept of environmental accounting, its relationship with the basic concepts of traditional accounting and its application to the modern business framework. The range of problems associated with effective incorporation of environmental accounting principles in practice will also be identified. Although the paper relies extensively on review and analysis of the interrogation literature instead of primary data provided by the UK, US and other companies it barely undermines its credibility. Firstly, only highly credited scholarly sources an d authors are included in the review. Secondly, the existing research provides valuable hints on such aspects of environmental accounting which might have remained unnoticed for a relatively inexperienced in this field person. The below discussion is divided into several subsections to 2. Environmental Reporting delimitateThe environmental Working Party of the European Federation of Accountants defines the objective of environmental describe as follows the eatable of information about the environmental impact and performance of an entity that is useful to relevant stakeholders in assessing their relationship with the reporting entity (Dixon, Mousa and Woodhead 2004). In other words, the aim of environmental accounting is to identify use of environmental resources and all measures interpreted in this area and to communicate be of an organizations actual or potential impact on the environment. These costs include the expenditures to clean up or remediate sites contaminated as a r esult of an organizatio

Contemporary Approaches to Christian Education by Jack L Seymour and Essay

Contemporary Approaches to Christian Education by Jack L Seymour and Donal E Miller - Essay ExampleLiterature available on this book suggest that at that place has been very little innovation or even slightly interesting breakthrough in the knowledge domain of religious-teaching publishing for the last couple of years. It may be quite in order to point unwrap that theological work has remained unchallenged for sometime now. Ordinary themes as well as common institute in the field of contemporary religion have been studied over and over again, but unluckily all have earthed up very little generative insight or research innovation. with out the years, it has become evident that spiritual educationists have been unable to fully understand the broad disciplines of educational research as well as the various branches of psychology. In fact the truth of the matter is that fewer of these religious educators possess an adequate taste of the contemporary philosophy or theology (Westerh off and Neville).In escort of this, various authors have tried to grapple with this unending lack of insight into the contemporary divinity. The Mighty Stories and precarious Rituals which is a text d maven by Anderson and Foley is found to be such an extremely important as well as opportune, and most insightful piece. In addition to being engaging theologians, these two authors also have a considerate and convincing vision of education in theology that is capable of faulting free of the general melancholy of the contemporary field. Taking their work seriously could truly mark a significant breakthrough for injecting new life and direction to an otherwise gray field. Looking at the text, one finds out that it is not only affluent in its application of a wide variety of scholarly research, but also in its depth and maturity of thought (Westerhoff and Neville).To further still give an understanding into the contemporary religion, (Westerhoff and Neville) argues that Jack L. Seymou r and Donald E. Miller in their book seek to explore the relation of narrative point and ritual. According to these

Human Resource Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resource focus - Term Paper ExampleRecommending a termination would for instance require a replacement and this delegacy a costly recruitment process. It would also have financial repercussions, would affect other employees in the area and ultimately the comp whatevers culture.It is thence a particularly difficult decision to make scarce then a decision must be reached and one that serves the best interests of the business. It must be sound and sufficient considering employment and labour laws. Gordo has been tolerated for a very long time and for this reason his behaviour has move to determinate up the current level where he appears not to uphold company values any more. Considering the companys PCP, Gordos unpleasant behaviour has already been discussed verbally in his presence and a written warning issued but he did not show any significant effort to fun things around. He appeared to continue with a careless attitude and would always give reasons for his financial u nder functioning hence a probation was necessary. Probation would also serve as a good notice to him that the company is concerned with his performance and therefore requires of him to improve or face dismissal.The situation got worse with the latest discovery touching on drop of professionalism. He has lost two important accounts this has significant implications to the market share, business and growth and financial performance of the company. There have also been cases of customer complains on his conduct. He fails to respond to customer calls and more importantly a physician complained that he had attempted to convert what was company business to his personal business. Gordo now has the resolution to discourage a customer against the company and offer to repair their machine at a cheaper wrong if paid in cash. This has actually crossed the lines in terms of professional conduct such behaviour can never be allowed by any company

Human resources ( american expatriate in paris) package proposal Research Paper

Human resources ( american discharge in paris) package proposal assignment - Research Paper Examplelz, 2007). Sarip international is not an censure of the above requirements. The party must conduct a survey of all the factors that will affect work of Jim and his family. Jim will realize a pool of incentives due to the diplomatic links between France and America. The essay looks at the factors that will affect Jims decision given his preferences and constraints. These factors include obtaining visas and permits, relocation allowance and housing, language and ethnical get it onledge among otherwises. Visas and Permits Jim and his family must have a valid European Union passport while mournful to Paris. The country requires all immigrants willing to work in the country have EU passports. The company is credi cardinalrthy for helping Jim and his family in obtaining these passports. The company should also incur all the costs of obtaining the passports. If Jim wishes to obtain a r esidential passport, the company should take care of the whole process. To obtain a residence passport, Jim must visit the nearby police station with the required documents within a period of one week after(prenominal) reaching (EasyExpat Ltd, 2012). Sarip international through the appropriate department must help Jim in this process. Language and cultural training Paris has several organizations that teach foreigners the French language and culture. ... Jim can decide on whether to take classes at home, after he has arrived in Paris or the combination of the two. Housing and Relocation Allowance The company should consider Jims cost of relocating and the risks involved. He should receive compensation for the risks involved during the relocation in the degree of relocation allowance. This includes taking care of his mortgage even after he relocates. Jim should be competent to mystify the luxury of his house in Paris. Paris offers a number of alternatives in respect to housing and accommodation. The options commit from rental houses to buying apartments. However, all the alternatives require the household to have a household insurance insurance (Expatica.com, 2012). The best house for Jim is the one that is affordable, but also meets his needs. It should also be strategically located for quieten of transport and access to other infrastructural needs like schools. Spousal employment Bettys job is a constraint facing the relocation of Jim. In most cases, taking a leave of over two years acts as a threat to job security. Betty might lose her job after they relocate to Paris. However, the company is capable of dealing with this constraint. It can approach her employer to guarantee her job security even after she to Paris. Different agencies advertise various job opportunities in Paris, which would suit Betty. However, the only limitation is that Betty does not know how to speak French, which is a requirement for her to work in Paris. She needs to understand the language before relocating. These among other factors will ensure that Jim maintains his American lifestyle while in France. Education for the children The three children should be able to access

Visual analysis on Hadrian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visual analysis on Hadrian - Essay ExamplePrior to the analysis of the craftsmanship that constitutes the behind of the bust form, it may appear essential to recall via historical context, that Hadrian is widely known as single of the five good emperors who made tremendous impact on establishing the Pax Romana the age of abundant intermission and prosperity for the Roman Empire. Examining the image of the bust, one necessarily considers in critical thought that the carving technique must have been conducted in a manner that reflects such perspective especially in the order, symmetry, and riddance of the head and facial characteristics. In the absence of its body, the marble from the Greek island of Thasos was constructed to possess a volume that exudes prominence, poise, authority, and full general dignified look typical of a Roman emperor. As conjectured by the smooth curves, the bust sculpturer may be claimed to have attempted a most refined approach in carving the cheek a nd lip areas to balance with the furrowed brows which occur to be a sharp contrast to the insipidity of front surface and edge contour. These details manifest how Hadrian could have been viewed by his subjects as an emperor with the traits of loving wisdom and fierce heroic character in order to address the demands of his civilization at the

Trade Union UNITE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Trade Union unite - Essay ExampleManagement wants high profits and lower addresss so that profitability fundament be maximised. For achieving such a target, the employees are affected by the management. In the urge to reduce the cost of production and operation, at times the management ignored the genuine rights of workers striving hard to achieve the organisational goals. They dangle the fact that it is due to their valuable workforce that they are able to achieve their desired targets and profits for the firm. If the employees do not perform their job roles, then there is no way the organisation earth-closet make do its target in its stipulated time period. Employees need to be given strong consideration by completely organisations but mostly it is observed that employees at times are taken for granted by organisations. As workers realized that they are the major drivers of production and operation cycles and all the activities are dependent upon them, they rightfully design of protecting their interest. The workers working for their rights is important for them as they should not be taken by granted by the organisation and should be provided with the complete resources for conducting their tasks effectively and efficiently. Particularly speaking in the context of study, the workers raised their enunciate to improve their working conditions and get the recognition of their inevitable role in the organisational functions. The body established with this utilization was named as trade heart. Trade Unions are in place since long to protect the rights of workers at workplace (Smethurst and Ryan, 2009). They serve as independent organisations whereby the workers serving in various organisations register themselves to protect their rights and interests. In typesetters case of conflict of interest between the management and worker, the trade union is considered to be the representative of worker. The trade union can be approached by the worker concerning the issues they have with the organisation, and the trade union takes action accordingly, either through negotiation or other resolution strategies. It is an organised entity which is backed by Law in the agricultural. The stab laws promote the workers to be part of the trade union so that it can be strengthened and the interests of workers can be protected to the maximum (Scrope and Barnett, 2008). The importance of trade unions increases in the developed countries like UK. The reason lies in the fact that these countries are economically developed and organisations are well settled. The regulation has great control all over them so that they can play important role in the overall development of the country. As take is considered to be a force, its empowerment may lead to significant consequences at workplace. It is important to note, that the modern founding is highly dynamic and unpredictable. The modern workforce is also knowledgeable and is well versed with the labour law s of the country hence they work towards retrieving their rights at the optimum level, either through trade unions or other reasoned ways. The

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens Assignment

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens - appointee ExampleThe book is based reveals various themes that are critical to the upholding dignity in the society. On the new(prenominal) hand, Dispatches from the Edge, Shake Hands with the Devil, Night/Diary of a Young Girl, For Whom the Bell Tolls depicts similar themes that reflects on the kindly setting in both social and spiritual aspects. The theme of social justice and that of darkness and lightness are common in all the readings. The nonion of certainty in the pursuance for justice in the social arena seems inseparable from either darkness or light. The A Tale of Two Cities is shrewd on the social justices in the two cities and the main character of the novel reveals the notion. Also, the cities are miles apart, brutality is common. The lawbreakers and deplorable are hang by the authorities. For instance, Darnay began working at a tender age and in the quest for justice, the revolution occurred. This highlights the notion o f both darkness and light, approaching the social situation from both good and icky perspectives. In addition, the notion of foreign intervention is evident in the book, The few words that he caught from this mans lips, source made it known to Charles Darnay that the king was in prison, and that the foreign ambassadors had one and all left Paris. On the lane (except at Beauvais) he had heard absolutely nothing. The escort and the universal watchfulness had completely isolated him. That he had fallen among far greater dangers than those which had developed themselves when he left England, he, of course, knew now. That perils had thickened about him fast and qualification thicken faster and faster yet, he, of course, knew now. He could not but admit to himself that he might not have made this journey if he could have foreseen the events of a few days. And yet his misgivings were not so dark as imagined by the light of this later time, they would appear (Dickens, Chapter 1, Part 3, p 273).

The Main Factors For An Economic Growth Term Paper

The main Factors For An Economic Growth - Term Paper ExampleAt this point, the following problem appears how can enthronisation benefit quickly the local economy if bureaucracy sets obstacles in the completion of the relevant processes? From this point of view, it could be stated that the effects of investment on scotch growth are not standardized. Investment contributes to economic growth but the margins of the success of the relevant plans are depended on a series of factors, such(prenominal) as the local regulations, meaning especially the laws on investment, the availability of sources, the political and affable stability and so on.Another factor which can also affect economic growth is the gracious capital. Nijkamp notes that the term human capital can be used for describing the workforce, i.e. those involved in the production processes of the local economy. There is no distinctiation between locals and foreigners, meaning that human capital would also include expatriate s who are asked to participate in the business projects developed within a particular country. However, when referring to human capital as influencing economic growth, it would be preferable to consider a particular team of persons the locals who are able and willing to be assiduous in the business activities developed across their country. From this point of view, the value of human capital within a specific country can be influenced by the education and training available to people of variant age and gender. Human capital is not directly related to the macroeconomic conditions of each country.... Investment, in every case, contributes in economic growth but the terms of success of the relevant plans are depended on a series of factors, such as the local regulations, meaning especially the laws on investment, the availability of sources, the political and social stability and so on. Another factor which can also affects economic growth is the human capital. Nijkamp (2010) notes t hat the term human capital can be used for describing the workforce, i.e. those involving in the production processes (products and services) of the local economy. There is no differentiation between locals and foreigners, meaning that human capital would also include expatriates who are asked to participate in the business projects developed within a particular country. However, when referring to human capital as influencing economic growth, it would be preferable to consider a particular team of persons the locals who are able and willing to be intermeshed in the business activities developed across their country. From this point of view, the value of human capital within a specific country can be influenced by the education and training available to people of different age and gender (Nijkamp 43). Human capital, as a term used in the explanation of economic growth, is not directly related to the macroeconomic conditions of each country however, its existence and its quality is r eflected in these conditions. For example, a high GDP level would indicate that people across the country are appropriately meliorate and trained, supporting the growth of their organization, as this growth result also in the growth of the economy. From a similar point of view, it is noted that the promotion of research and

HCI Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HCI - Assignment ExampleThis finish could expediency students especially those who happen to be very committed. Such software would help students participate more in class by making things easier for them. Students relax as they wait for their lecturer to come to class and signalise on their work but if they would share their work among themselves, comment on each others work and share learning material, they would more active. This paper entails the development of a possible mobile diligence that can unify a team of students around a design, especially in a class. The application can only be used in smart phones or tablets.The mobile application in this project would enhance the exposure to relevant information which would grant students a chance for creating, analyzing and evaluating information therefrom developing their critical cerebration skills. After accessing collective information from classmates, a student volition compound the information into ideas and present re asonable work (Microsoft.com, 2013). This process alone will encourage crucial thinking and more importantly, their scepticism. Students would also be encouraged to share all they learn in class and beyond their class setting. They would also be able to process their researches properly and then discuss all their concerns with their lecturers.The earshot targeted by the mobile application are mainly students and their lecturers, but parents could be part of the audience in order to monitor their children closely. Typically, team sharing leads to increased communication amongst the team members, which would be a earthshaking improvement to the students given the use of the proposed mobile application. Due to its aspect of allowing the sharing of data, the mobile application will offer students a platform perfect for study group formation (Microsoft, 2013). Teachers may also labor union by setting up pages with regard to particular projects and lesson plans. Students may not be the only ones to meet but also

Obviously, perpetuation of the species is the key bond between men and Essay

Obviously, perpetuation of the species is the key pose between men and women however, in this age of greater reproductive freedom is this bond still as preva - Essay ExampleThe entire scenario has undergone a change in perception since World War II, which witnessed intimate activity role changes on a massive scale. So much so that relationship experts now consider that there exists a universal bond between men and women that goes beyond the traditional reproductive roles, however differently or specifically they are construed by differing cultures. The traditional concepts of gender roles arose from an era when men in use(p) the workplace and women the home, and the only occasion for them to get together was for romance. They now work together, play together and socialize together. Such changes bring the different aspects of a universal bond to the fore, though there are several(prenominal) challenges that such relationships face.Talcott Parsons model of the nuclear family has c ompared a traditional view with a much liberal one, even as he continued to support the view that the feminine role was an communicative one, carrying out internal functions while the masculine role was instrumental, focused on external functions. At one extreme, he admits that there are situations when all barriers cease to exist and other bonds do flow into play. Hence Parsons model can be seen as one of the earliest scientific proposals of the theory of a universal bond. In reality, the actual behavior between individuals is most often someplace in between. (Quotes from Talcott Parsons. Concepts for Sociology).There are several challenges to non-romantic male-female relationships. Don OMeara, Ph.D., at the University of Cincinnati-Raymond Walters College, argues that relationships devoid of lust are genuine, further difficult to identify. Further, the platonic relationship would always be in danger of slipping into a sexual one, posing another challenge. Traditional gender i nequalities in how power is wielded do affect the roles even in platonic relationships, causing strains in the universal bond. Since there are more doubters

The European debt crisis of 2009 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The European debt crisis of 2009 - Essay ExampleIreland was anformer(a) major economy which was hit hard by the crowned head debt crisis due to the fact that Irish government actually guaranteed the loans of six large banks having portfolios in the situation sector. Due to the heavy losses suffered by these banks, Irish government faced the task of honoring its guarantees and hence crisis started to emerge regarding the possible default by the Irish government. Portugal, Spain, Italy were three other major economies which faced the akin(predicate) debt crisis due to high government debt and the looming default possibilities.In order to deal with the debt crisis, EU offered bailout packages to the different economies facing much(prenominal) crisis. The overall bailout packages offered to these countries, however, were a combination of the support offered by World Bank, IMF, EU Central Bank and other bilateral and individual arrangements. Overall, more than 480 billion euros were o ffered to 9 countries of the region to avert any possible sovereign debt defaults due to the crisis.Apart from giving the emergency support, other measures were also taken including the creation of the European Financial stability Facility, European financial stability mechanism, and other measures were put in place. One of the key criticisms of the overall government activity structure at EU wide level which resulted in this crisis was based upon the argument that at EU wide level, countries are allowed to pursue their independent fiscal policies, however monetary policy was being order through European central bank.

Google Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Google - Case Study Examplernments rigorous laws, Google agreement for self illegalizeship is the cover alternative as it provides it with option to tap the huge marketplace for its other products like android services. Hence, I agree with Schmidt that some information is better than no information.Schmidt is right in his assertion as Google is a business proposition with the basic accusing of disseminating information. In the contemporaneous environment of global competition, changes within business strategy become essential and decision to self censor in mainland China is part of its strategy for global expansion. Googles decision therefore is right conforms to its wider objective of business goals and mission. While Googles business strategy is fundamentally based on free glide path to full information, it has to forego its principle of providing full entryway to information as per guidelines and restrictions of Chinese government. Hence, the Chinese customers cannot acces s information that is deemed objectionable by the Chinese government. But in the highly competitive global business, China presents huge scope of business expansion and therefore its decision to self censor is

Cyclic Scheduling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

cyclical Scheduling - Essay Exampleic programming in flexible manufacturing systems is something that has to be well understood by all those involved with proceeds management and researchers consecrate tried to develop a variety of heuristics and algorithms for solving cyclic programming problems in flexible manufacturing systems. Cyclic scheduling problems are often complex and require computational optimization techniques for their solution and automated systems with scheduling engines help production managers to find optimal scheduling solutions in real-time. This research paper presents a truncated discussion about cyclic scheduling in flexible manufacturing.I hereby certify that, overlook where cited in the text, this work is the result of the research carried out by the author of this discipline. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been reported anywhere.Scheduling refers to the concept of allocating available res ources over time to efficaciously plan for the execution of production orders in a manufacturing facility with its available processing machines and manufacturing systems (Lankford, Chapter 9.8). Depending on the necessary for that which is macrocosm manufactured, a master production schedule will be made available and scheduling meets the requirements for production that are stated in the master production schedule. Thus, if automobiles or cellular phones are being manufactured in a facility, then the daily, monthly or weekly production output for the previously mentioned outputs will be mentioned in the master production schedule, as determined by the market or supplier commitments. However, the employed manpower, processing machine or production line capacity and material for production must be adequate for the required levels of production and this means that scheduling is about optimally appointment available resources to meet production targets. Thus, scheduling is more com plex than the mere execution of jobs for production and depending on the

Law of Business Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Business Organisations - Essay Example jibe to the QLD Partnership Act of 1891, there is a nature to partnership agreements that only holds partners accountable and liable for specialised constituteions that are under the terms of agreement for a contract. According to Section 3 (1-15), liability issues of the byplay become questionable. Liability can be defined by the extent to which each separate is trusty for the another(prenominal) as well as through partners who breach the trust of other partners. According to section 23A, the liability not only includes basic actions and agreements, but also property and fiscal value. Unless all property and money is acquired through business agreements, it is not a liability of the company. The rules to interest and duties of partners in section 27 also apply, which states that there is not a business agreement under the translation of a joint partnership unless each holds equal earnings within that agreement (Partnership Act 18 91, 13-26, 2009).The first-class honours degree part to this is based on the term of partnership. up to now though Jara and Alvarez are partners, Alvarez was not aware of the looting or the deal that Jara had made with the robber. chthonian the terms of partnership, there is a joint ownership. However, this doesnt hatch that Alvarez or Jara is responsible for what the other owner does or does not do in terms of the partnership. Even though Alvarez and Jara are partners, Alvarez is not responsible for the actions that are taken by one of the members. This first defense mechanism doesnt leave the company or Alvarez responsible for Jaras actions. Unless he was involved in the act or had a joint agreement with the security used, he cant be sued for his partners actions. Under section 3 (1-15), the definition of joint ownership does not include being responsible for individual actions.The second concept that applies under the partnership is based on the joint

Definition of Terms Essay Example for Free

Definition of foothold EssayAMR- Ambulatory Medical Record- An ambulatory medical record (AMR) is an electronically stored file of a unhurrieds outpatient medical records, which includes all surgeries and c atomic number 18 that do non involve being admitted to a hospital.The vastness of AMRs is that they except apply to outpatient medical records. Outpatients procedures or services are per established so frequently that at times it can be tedious to keep track of them. These records quit a physician to follow a patients COMPLETE medical history. CMR- Computerized Medical Record- Computerized medical records are the digital counterparts to patient medical records kept in root files and folders in wellness care offices.The importance of CMRs is they allow for less paper storage or use. A patients medical records can be an extensive file. The longer the file gets the harder it is to keep up with it. Keeping a computerized copy of what is on paper in a patients medical rec ord is more than than convenient, it is a more cost-effective system of documentation. CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid- The Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS), previously known as the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), is a federal agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) that administers the Medicare program and workings in partnership with state governments to administer Medicaid, the State Childrens Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), and health policy portability standards.CMS is an authoritative entity to US healthcare, without it, the medical redress coverage forchildren whose parents do not have the luxury of commercial coverage and the elderly who have r apieceed the age of retirement would not have health benefits. Medicare and Medicaid do not only supply benefits to children and the elderly but there are those citizens who are considered disable in some way, shape, devise or form. CMS-1500 A universal claims postinging form used by physicians and other healthcare practitioners to bill payers for professional services.The CMS 1500 form assists physicians especially in receiving reimbursement for the services provided. The development of a form for physicians eliminates confusion for insurance companies when processing claims. The companies need not worry about whether the charges were submitted by a physician or quickness, which makes for easier and more efficient processing. CPT Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) is a mark set that is used to report medical procedures and services to entities such as physicians, health insurance companies and accreditation organizations. CPT is used in conjunction with ICD-8-CM or ICD-10-CM numeric diagnostic coding during the electronic medical burster process.From a billing standpoint, a world without CPT codes is close to like a world without people. The genius idea to use a universal language of come to determine services an individu al had performed alleviates chaos. CPT codes also give a shorter description of the services rendered. Some procedures are so extensive, all the selective information appearing on a claims form can cause confusion. By giving these procedures a 5 digit number which can be researched for a description creates efficiency. DRG diagnosing Related Group any of the payment categories that are used to classify patients, especially Medicare patients, for the purpose of reimbursing hospitals for each case in a given category with a fixed fee regardless of the echt costs incurred DRGs prohibit a facility from receiving an outrageous reimbursement for particular proposition provided services.The categorization of patient cases into specific groups which allows for a set cost or billed amount places a cap on reimbursement to that facility for that case/patient. EPR Electronic Patient (Health) Record (EHR) -an evolving concept defined as a systematic collection of electronic health informat ion about individualpatients or populations. Monitoring a patients health information in an electronic manner is a win/win for all involved. It allows the patient faster assenting to their records and the physician or hospital a faster method for reviewing or receiving those same records. The EPR has evolved into the EHR. The development of track patient health information in an electronic monitor has produced a more effective, accurate method for organizing something as lengthy as a persons health history.HL7 Health Level 7 (HL7) a non-profit organization involved in the development of international healthcare informatics interoperability standards. HL7 and its members provide a framework (and related standards) for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information. The 2.x versions of the standards, which support clinical practice and the management, delivery, and evaluation of health services, are the most commonly used in the world.The devel opment of this organization is the foundation for the ability to delegate and track health information safely and without violation of a persons personal information. Without HL7, the to a higher place mentioned term (EPR) would not exist. This organizations importance is beyond measure in terms of contraption involved in the healthcare field. The standards set forth are a necessity in stray for health information to be exchanged or shared, they provide peace of mind to the patients and physicians. ICD-9 International salmagundi of Disease, 9th edition A standardized classification of disease, injuries, and causes of death, by etiology and anatomic localization and codified into a 5-digit number, which allows clinicians, statisticians, politicians, health planners and others to speak a common language, both US and internationally. A 3 to 5-digit number code describing a diagnosis or medical procedure.The International Classification of Disease 9th edition is as important to b illing as CPT codes. The universal language for identifying a patients diagnosis assists not only for purposes in billing but for physician and hospital communication with insurance companies. Physicians attend school to learn and become well-known(prenominal) with the formal name for specific diseases, injuries and other medical conditions. On the other hand, insurance companies may not be as familiar or educated as tothe formal names for these medical conditions, which is where ICD-9s come into play. They allow for easier and more understanding within the communication aspect of physician to insurance or facility to insurance company.UB-92 Uniform/Universal Billing form 92 Managed care The official HCFA/CMS form used by hospitals and health care centers when submitting bills to Medicare and 3rd-party payors for reimbursement for health services provided to Pts covered. UB-92 billing forms have since been replaced with UB-04 billing forms. needless to say, a universal billing fo rm creates an efficient, more precise method of billing for hospitals. Once once more it eliminates the time that would be consumed by insurance companies attempting to determine if a claim is for a facility or physician. Eliminating this step assists in jump starting the processing of reimbursement to a facility for rendered services.

Potato Tuber Lab Essay Example for Free

Potato Tuber Lab try outIntroductionOsmosis is a form of dispersion in which water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high tightfistedness to a region of lower concentration. This form of diffusion takes place when the molecules in high concentration are too large to move through the membrane. deuce-ace factors that determine cubicle membrane permeability are shape, size, and polarity. For this experiment, it must be kept in school principal that sucrose is non permeable to the cell membrane, for it is too large to pass through. The cell membrane functions to protect, separate, and check what goes in and out of a cell. It also allows cells to control their internal chemical environment and the availability of all-important(prenominal) materials. In a hypertonic solution, thither is a greater concentration of solute inside a cell compared to another solution (water will flow from out of the white potato cells and the sens will decrease). In a hypotonic solution, there is a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution (water will flow into the potato cells and the mass will increase).In this potato genus Tuber lab experiment, the weight of to each one potato genus Tuber after being sliced into thin disks and rinsed was taken and recorded. The potato disks were then individually placed in sucrose solutions for exactly an hour, each cup being swirled every ten minutes. At the end of the hour, each group of potato tuber slices was weighed a second time to determine if there was a neuter in mass due to the sucrose solution. The percent change in weight among the different potato tubings was determined in order to confirm or deny our hypotheses.My null hypothesis was that the potato would not be touched by the sucrose solution, the osmotic concentration would neither increase nor decrease, therefore there would be no change in mass seen. My alternate hypothesis was that the potato would be affected by the sucrose solution (final mass) by having a higher or a lower osmotic concentration than the initial mass, therefore there will be a change in mass seen.ResultsThe initial weight of the sliced potato tubers ranged from 4.4g to 5.4g. The final weight of the sliced and soaked potato tubers ranged from 3.6g to 5.7g. These results attest that the 0.1 solution of sucrose was hypotonic, create the sliced potato pieces to gain mass, as to where the remaining solutions of sucrose (.00, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) were hypertonic, causing the sliced potato pieces to lose mass. This shows that the potato tubers were affected by the sucrose solutions. This conclusion is represented in the graph given below.DiscussionThe purpose of this experiment was to determine the osmotic concentration of sucrose within the potato tuber slices. Upon coming up with the final results of the experiment, the osmotic concentration of sucrose was calculated to be .06M. For this experiment, an isotonic solution will hav e a molarity of .06M, as the best fit bank line hits the x axis at .06M. In comparison, a hypotonic solution will have a concentration ranging from 0 M to .06M, and a hypertonic solution will have a concentration ranging from .06M or higher. This caused me to accept the alternate hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis therefore, the potato was affected by the sucrose solution as we saw a change in mass of the potato tuber slices.

Romeo and Juliet essay Baz Luhrmanhas Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet essay Baz Luhrmanhas EssayBaz Luhrman has updated the screenplay of Romeo and Juliet. The slam is displace in America what is perfect for this screenplay. This screenplay suits America as it has a real violent place. Caused by clique warf are and gun being legal. Romeo and Juliet, it has a lot of sword shakes and murders. Themes get hold of a genuinely authorized part of this love story the whole story is based on diametrics. The director Baz Luhrman has set the scene very well and has chosen the important parts that will bedevil sense. The setting of America is replete(p) as drive-by shooting happen all the time and it has gangster who rule the streets by fighting, stabbing, shooting and putting to death in any form to win. It in Californian what is a built up place, and has not very built up areas around it. The themes have made this play what it is it uses themes like love-hate and life-death. The opening scene bags cancelled with the main credits , it has a black background what give stress to the start of the play. The characters in the credits attend every serious except Paris who is a neutral psyche in the families grudges.And in the root system he shows a lot of faces as it shows emotion, this giving him to push the audience to the scene. Blood is even a theme as he uses to persuade you that it going to be gory as first impressions are vital. The first make setting is in a car were the Montague boys are, their tiring beach boy clothing, their very loud, got very sincere hair cuts what shows hard people as personal in the armys have simple haircuts and they shout abuse to other people in the streets. They arrive at a gun station, and Benvilo walks outside sight, which seams to be the leader of the pack as he driving the car.You then get a camera shot of a car with the licence plate printed on them Capulet, as on that point the other family that is in the civil war with there own family. Tybut steps out the car bu t u dont plan his face and that he lighted a cigarette in a flatulence station. Fire and petrol do not mix so this will build the audience and make them respond to his presence. He disappears and it end up with Gregory and Samson and Abram and an unknown person. Abram sees the montages and walks over to them and scares them. They do not want to see derelict or scared so they insult them with a hand gesture.This starts a argument what spirals out of control, they get around their guns with twain on each side, Benvilo steps out and calls for peace but he draws his gun, this is an opposite as he want peace but draws a lethal weapon. This is a theme as it an opposite, this opposite is a peace-violent theme. The Capulets boys are very well get holded and seem to be care close to there appearance by wearing expensive vestments, there look like gangsters as they like to dress well and need to make an impression from their appearance.This gangster thing comes into all parts of thei r life as Tybalt called the prince of cats his name tell you that he got leadership and power as he a prince and their in a reigning family. Abram is a very well built person he tall and has a great body showing power as he seem to have strength. Peter seems least powerful as u only see him partly plus hes in the back of the car. The Capulet boys seem coordinate as they knew what to do in a gun fight, they did not back down and had no reluctance in drawing their guns. They seem not bothered to draw their guns and seem to not care well-nigh rules and Tybult is smoking in the petrol station.The Montague boys seem less organised and prepared for a gun fight as when they insulted Abram they started hesitating and did some panic attack gesture by the way Samson picked up the petrol pump and started wobbling and was shaking with it. Benvilo seem most powerful as he driving the car, and has the recrudesce built body. Samson and Gregory seem less powerful as they talk to Benvilo as he a leader and that they had to try and impress Benvilo with the ways they react to other people. When Benvilo has gone into the toilet the other two are very scared by Abram presence and they panic when they draw their guns.Benvilo walks back and draws his gun without panic but he try to call the peace, Benvilo name in Italian means peacemaker. This shows he not a violent person. Tybult walks back into the scene and want the conflict to carry on. Romeo is a very lonesome person who does not seem to have a great relationship with his parents. Romeo is a very amative young man, as he loves to be in love. He seems to be very confused about what is love and whom he loves this is shown from lines 165-177. Romeo is not a violent person who the audience makes out to be a very perfect person. The pun that is said about him is in relationship to him love being in love.Benvilo says he has been walking around near a sycamore tree, he is saying that Romeo has got love sickness. Mr and Mrs Mon tague seem to be very wealthy as their travelling around in a limo, they are wearing very expensive clothes and other items. The Capulet parents seem to live the same lives of the Montague. They have expensive clothes a very nice house and they have expensive cars. Paris is a neutral person in this civil brawl, he want to marry Juliet but Juliet does not want to marry Paris, This is a arranged married as her parents want Paris to be her husband as he got a good job prospects and is a very nice young gentleman.The prince of Verona is a neutral person as he has family on both sides he in charge of the town, in the image Baz has interoperated him as a chief of police. He is very concise as he gets to the point when he tells the family both in the civil brawl that one more outburst will result in their lives paying the price. Juliet is a very young woman who does not love Paris, she does not want what her parents want her, what in those old age was very rude. Baz Luhrman has used the same language except he cut parts out that of the schoolmaster screenplay.There is a lot of puns what are jokes what are words that mean two different things. The start of the play starts off with a series of puns based on the word coal and colliers. This would not make sense to a modern day audience as there Elizabethan phrases. These series of puns have been cut out as no one would understand them and it would not make sense, and this would cause problems with tension building and first impression as there most important in a film as it plans out the rest of the film.

Tim Burton Analytical Essay Example for Free

Tim Burton Analytical actThe dark sacking marched Edwards loneliness, however, the bright lighting of the town and Pegs crime syndicate showed how he was able to create a relationship with the towns people, which he was unable to do previously in the tower. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Wonka did not take a leak a darling relationship with his father, so the flashbacks of his childhood are in a darker light. The dark lighting in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands stresses the importance of relationships. In accordance with dark lighting, Burton also uses incompatible fixeds act the mportance of relationships.In Big Fish, when Edward Bloom unexpectedly arrives in Spectre for the first time, the town is green and drenching with vegetation, and the townspeople are happy and worry free. While he was in Spectre, he promised a atomic girl he would return. However when he returned after many years, the town was barren and businesses were deter minationd. This contrasting set shows he was not there for the town when they needed him therefore the town was barren when he returned for the chip time. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Wonka creates an amazing hocolate factory to substitute the happiness of having a good relationship with his father.Contrastingly, Charlies house may not be as extravagant as the factory, precisely Charlie has a loving family. The fence sets between the factory and Charlies home shows the importance of relationships. In Big Fish and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, contrasting sets show the importance of relationships Moreover, the use of close ups exemplifies the importance of relationships. In Big Fish, when Edward Bloom is lying in the infirmary bed, and Will Bloom, Edwards son, inished the story of his fathers fantasy death, there is a close up of Wills face.Will knows his father is deprivation to die and that all of the tall tales that his father told were true. The close up shows t hat if Will had trusted his father, they would have a better relationship. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, whenever the conversation of parents began, Wonka would act uncomfortable. From afar the viewer does not see the sadness, but the close up shows the sadness in his eyes. Wonka is sad he does not have a good relationship with his father, therefore the close up shows that elationships are important.In Big Fish and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, the close ups of the characters show the importance of relationships. Burton has a passion for making movies, and he puts all of his effort into creating extravagant sets and costumes in his movies. As seen in Big Fish, Edward Scissorhands, and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Burton creates personal messages to convey his inner feelings. In these movies, Tim Burton utilizes dark lighting, contrasting sets, and close ups to epitomize the importance the importance of relationships.

Charge of the Light Brigade Analysis Essay Example for Free

Charge of the Light group Analysis EssayCharge of the Light Brigade Mini-analysis The poetry, Charge of the Light Brigade, has quite a complex rhyming scheme which can make the come difficult to understand at first. I think that he may have designed it this expression to instil a feeling of victory and valour at the end of the poem. I would argue that this, on with other literary techniques, shows that Tennyson was successful in exalting the Charge of the Light Brigade in his poem. As I mentioned before, the rhyming scheme is an integral part of the poem.The rhyming varies for each stanza, which at first seems like a large fault of the poem. The length of each stanza lengthens as the poem goes on, perhaps trying to simulate how the fight escalated. This pattern continues on until the last stanza where the number of lines is significantly reduced. This indicates the resolution of the poem. For the first verse, Tennyson utilizes an ABA pattern for the first half. fraction al a league, half a league, half a league onward. A large part of the poem is the repetition.This repetition of certain phrases creates a rhythm not unlike the galloping of horses hooves on the ground. This creates a feeling of verisimilitude and provides an authentic experience for the reader. The repeated phrase, Cannon to the right of them/Cannon to the left of them/Cannon in front of them. suggests that they were surrounded by enemies on all sides. The sentence also suggests the large imbalance of numbers on the British side compared to the Russians. This emphasises the victory at the end of the poem.While Tennyson tried hard to glorify the Charge of the Light Brigade, he also attempted to express the large amount of casualties as well. Tennyson apply metaphor and allusion to acknowledge the amount of death on the field without being overly graphic in his description. He used the phrase, Into the jaws of Death/Into the mouth of Hell repeatedly to further his point. In my opi nion, Tennyson accurately portray and glorified the Charge of the Light Brigade in his poem, using a variety of literary techniques.

Factors in a child’s development Essay Example for Free

Factors in a youngsters development EssayFamily is one of the biggest external factors in a churls development. The first three years of a boors life ar when their foundations ar laid out influencing what type of a person they whitethorn grow up to be. A small fry who is given lots of love, attention and guidance are much likely to thrive compared to those who are ignored. At this very early age parents and siblings are the most important thing in a childs life so everything they do can influence a child, this is when they first counterbalance to imitate other peoples actions so if a child is in a stimulating environment then they are much likely to want to continue to be stimulated when they reach inculcate age. Friendships are also a major factor, by the age of three children start to form strong friendships. Friendships may stimulate to influence behavior, in a positive or sometimes a negative way. They will start to learn how to listen to other peoples opinions and also how to voice their own views.Read moreExplain how children and young peoples development is influenced by a range of external factors try outIts when children start making friends that their personalities really start to develop and they start either start to bring into being a leader or a follower. Peers may become a big influence all over their likes and dislikes. What a child eats also plays a big part in a childs development both in a physical and mental way. Calcium, protein and fats are all substantive in a childs diet to help them grow. When a child starts school it becomes more difficult from a parents prospective to supervise what children are eating especially in children of high school age, too much sugary and fatty foods can lead to children becoming over weight and deficient in energy. It is important for schools to take an active approach in what children are allowed to eat when possible. In straight offs world of high technology the media is also a big factor in how children develop.The television can be an amazing aid in a childs development if watched in moderation. A child that spends too much time in front of a television may run an increased risk of becoming over weight and children who view violent television scans show a tendency towards an aggressive behavior. Social media is also taking a part in childrens developments as friendships are formed with people from all over the world that once would not extradite been accessible unfortunately it can also have negative results as children can be bullied without an swelled around to help them and can lead to a very low self esteem.

The Similarities and Differences Between Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Essay Example for Free

The Similarities and Differences Between hemodialysis and peritoneal Dialysis EssayMany individuals ar diagnose with kidney disease each year, and some individuals face a difficult situation concerning the possibility of doing dialysis, and choosing what shell of dialysis treatment is right for the individual. both(prenominal) haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis give patients the quality of life. In contrast both physical processs are do differently, haemodialysis patients are dependent, and peritoneal dialysis patients are self-sufficient.In comparison both removes wild from the livestockstream however, both procedures are beneficial to treat kidney disease. Hemodialysis is a common procedure that removes waste from the line of workstream in patients whose kidneys does not function mightily. The hemodialysis procedure consist of using a machine called the separater, and the patients sustain veins, which is frequently called a fistula, to transfer blood back and forth from the dialyzer to the patients arm. until now be practise the fistula takes approximately six weeks to heal, patients a good dealtimes get a Vortex Graft laid, a Vortex Graft is plastic tubing placed inside of the patients vein most patients female genital organ use their graft in two to three weeks However there are some patients who shed to start dialysis immediately therefore, a cut into Catheter is placed, a Tunnel Catheter is a long flexible tube surgically inserted in a large vein in the neck, for immediate dialysis use. Patients often do hemodialysis three days a week, every other day.most patients dialysis treatment spends approximately three to five hours each day, depending on what type of access they have. The day of their hemodialysis treatment, patients weigh themselves at the center and prepare to be seated to start their treatment. The dialysis technicians prep the dialyzer to begin with the patients are ready to start dialyzing. The dialysis technic ians take the patients temperature and blood pressure before the patients are seated. The dialysis technicians cleans the access pose and make sure the site is working properly.Dialysis technicians have to fol mild a certain protocol when put upt dialysis patients on for their treatment. Therefore patients and technicians wear face mask to keep from cross contaminations of blood and germs. More often dialysis technicians change gloves through tabu the treatment session. The technicians monitors the patients blood pressure throughout the dialysis procedure, because patients run a risk of their blood pressure getting too low dialysis technician may have to administer saline solution to work on the patients blood pressure back up to a normal range.The dialysis technicians log the patients blood pressure throughout the dialysis session. Once the patients are done with their dialysis session, the technicians take their temperature, blood pressure, and make sure their blood pressure is at a normal range before letting the patients leave their chair, once blood pressure is at a normal range patients weigh themselves, and the technicians log it into the computer. Hemodialysis patients rely on their dialysis technicians for their dialysis treatment needs.In addition, hemodialysis patients run into risk associated with taking hemodialysis. One of the most common risks is clotting of the arteries in the arm. about of the time patients are sent to a nearby hospital to see a vascular surgeon to have to clot removed. Often the clot tail assembly be removed, and the patients can return the next day to restart their dialysis treatment however, there are times when the clot cannot be removed therefore patients have a temporary tunnel catheter placed.Tunnel catheter is only placed temporarily placed until the surgeon can either fix the clotted arties, or place a new fistula. Tunnel catheter is the primary cause of most infections in hemodialysis patients and is one the pr imary reason for hospitalization of hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients often drink too much politic and in result have to pull off more than changeable therefore, their blood pressure may get too low. When hemodialysis pulls off excess fluid it also pulls off potassium, and patients may experience severe cramping.Furthermore, hemodialysis patients follow a diet called The nephritic Diet patients have to eat foods low in sodium, low in potassium, and low in phosphorus. intimately patients on hemodialysis have a fluid restriction, normally the fluid restriction is about quaternion cups of fluid a day or six cups a fluid a day. Hemodialysis pulls the protein from the patients dead trunk therefore patients have to eat a high protein diet. On the contrary, peritoneal dialysis is a common procedure that removes waste from the bloodstream in patients whose kidneys does not function properly.The peritoneal dialysis procedure consists of using a fluid called dialysate, and a catheter the catheter is placed in the tummy of the kidney dialysis patients. When patients do peritoneal dialysis the dialysate solution is placed in the abdomen of the kidney patients and sits there for up to four hours the hours the fluid sits is called the dwell time. Once the fluid has sat for a spell the kidney dialysis patients exchange the old dialysate solution with new dialysate solution and start the whole process over again.Peritoneal dialysis can be done in two different ways Automated Peritoneal Dialysis and nonstop ambulant Peritoneal Dialysis. Automated Peritoneal Dialysis is done while the kidney dialysis patients are asleep and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is done every four hours approximately five times a day for 30 minutes. Patients who do peritoneal dialysis do it in their own home. before starting peritoneal dialysis patients are properly trained by a nurse for three weeks. Patients must be able to do own treatments once training is over.Peri toneal dialysis can choose what time a day to do their treatments, and what type of peritoneal dialysis treatment they prefer. Patients must order supplies each month and must have adequate follow of space to store supplies. Typically, patients start the day off by taken their blood pressure, temperature, and weight, and log the results. Before patients start a peritoneal dialysis treatment patients close doors, window, and clean table with disinfectant. Patients then gather supplies for treatment, put on a face mask, and clean hands and exit site.Patients then hook themselves up and began exchanging fluid, afterwards done with treatment patients properly dispose of waste and enjoy the rest of their day. In addition, peritoneal dialysis patients run into risk associated with taking peritoneal dialysis. One of the most common risks is an infection called Peritonitis. Peritonitis is an infection of the peritoneum a peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal that forms a sack. Most of the time patients are given antibiotics to eliminate the infection.Peritoneal dialysis patients can develop a hernia a hernia is a tear of the wall where an organ sticks out therefore, patients should not lift heavy objects. Patients may experience bloating, constipation, weight gain, fluid overload, and dry skin associated with peritoneal dialysis. Furthermore, peritoneal dialysis patients follow a diet called The Renal Diet patients have to eat foods low in sodium, low in phosphorus however, patient can eat a potassium rich diet, because they dialyze every day.Some patients on peritoneal dialysis have a fluid restriction however, most patients who do peritoneal dialysis do not have a fluid restriction, because they dialyze every day. Peritoneal dialysis pulls the protein for the patients body therefore patients have to eat a high protein diet. Peritoneal dialysis patients have to eat a low calorie diet, because they get some of their calories from the dextrose found in the dialys ate solution.In conclusion, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are similar in so many ways for example both dialysis procedures cleanse waste from the bloodstream of patients whose kidneys does not function properly, patients follow the same type of diet, and both treatments have to be done in a clean environment. Hemodialysis use a machine called the dialyzer and the patients arteries to transfer blood to and from the machine, and peritoneal dialysis use a fluid called dialysate and transfer fluid through a catheter placed in the patients abdomen.Hemodialysis patients rely on their technician for all their dialysis treatments need, and peritoneal dialysis patients basically do all their on treatments. Hemodialysis patients schedules are preset, and peritoneal dialysis patients schedules are more flexible. In contrast both procedures are done differently, Hemodialysis patients are dependent, and peritoneal dialysis patients are self-sufficient. In comparison both removes wast e from the bloodstream however, both procedures are beneficial to treat kidney disease.

Advertisment Essay Example for Free

Advertisment EssaySomeones pan step to the fore is another persons treasure. Trash disregard be used to describe many things, things like objects dirty or worthless. We r arely think of chuck out to be used to describe a person for their worth or their count ons. The media today tries to portray a perfect image of what a person should look like when in reality people are beautiful just the way they are. Nobody is trash.The advertisement that I choose was one that was promoting opulents Gym. The painting was of a black metal trashcan tilted ever so slightly to the left, but stand up firmly in powdery whitish yellow beach sand. The trashcans shadow lays to the right of it assuming that it is a little past mid day. The background is bursting with color in ranging from white, blue, and green in the ocean and a thwart blue in the sky with wispy clouds barely covering the sky. The main object in the picture is the trashcan. It is a black metal can with a yellow color wrapped around the essence third of it. In the yellow, a text is write in black and it says, Keep Our coastes Beautiful and in smaller font says, (and pick up the trash, too). Finally, on the bottom Golds Gym is written in bold gold font, on the black trashcan, a little smaller than the other font.The colors are vivid in contrast, making the picture warm and it creates instant happiness. The bright yellow stands out from the black trashcan causing the observer to first focus on the trashcan and the writing. Once the observer reads what the trashcan has to say, they thusly look out onto the ideal ocean with the almost perfect sand that looks as playable as a puppy and as soft as a pillow. That is the view of beautiful.The ad has a double intend to it. The trashcan is there to keep the beach clean from all the trash. Beautiful. The writing on the trashcan saying, Keep our beaches beautiful and then Golds Gym advertising written under that is promoting that people go and workout at the g ym to be fit. Beautiful.What is beauty? According to this, the ad claims that at least a part of beingness beautiful is working out and looking fit. Is that really true beauty? pile work saturated to become that perfect image that society and the media has embedded in our minds. This was most likely a hugely successful ad, solely because it hit close to home with many people who draw low self-esteem. The Beach body can be achieved by signing up for a year at Golds Gym, is what people are thinking when they see this ad. The beach looks so beautiful in the ad that people become motivated enough to work out so they look strong at the beach sooner than being the trash on the beach. They just want to fit it and have a ace of belonging. are people really trash? The ad sure thinks so. Even though the trashcan outlook is directed more so to the actual trash that is on the beach, it still symbolizes that people are trash if they are ugly. A person can become beautiful by attending Go lds Gym, so why wouldnt they just do that if that were all they needed to become beautiful? People nowadays are so focused on body image women start having eating disorders in order to be beautiful, while men think they are only beautiful if they have a six pack or huge muscles.The advertiser at least thinks that he is good looking or fit in order to have credibility. They have a high sense of self-esteem because they think that being beautiful relates solely to a persons appearance rather then as a whole, both inside and out.This ad is about more than just belongings beaches clean and promoting Golds Gym, it is about the image of people. The media has twisted the real image of people so much so that if a person doesnt look good then they are called trash. Are people really trash?

Hong Kong Education Essay Example for Free

Hong Kong Education EssayThe pre- rail procreation verifier dodging was launched by the government activity of Hong Kong supererogatory administrative Region in September 2007. The organisation was meant to asseverate reforms in upbringing in efforts to promote correct early childhood education as the stand for a childs lifelong learning (Education Department, 2000). Based on this scheme, e really p atomic number 18nt who has a child aged betwixt 3 and 6 years should be given a verifier worth $13,000 every year (HKU Faculty of Education, 2008). Out of the $13,000, $10,000 can be used by the p bents to net profit tuition fees in the kindergartens. The remaining $ 3000 should then be used for the original study of the instructors in pre-school institutions. The pre-school education coupon should be used low certain conditions. These conditions be, that the voucher should not be used for generating profit, pre-school institutions much(prenominal) as kindergartens must make sure their accounts be open for inspection, the school must attain the determine Education way benchmarks within 5 years ground on the pre-school quality of education, and tuition fees take in to be under $24,000 for half day and $42,000 for full day programs per student, per annum.Due to the restrictions that accompany the pre-school education voucher scheme in Hong Kong, stakeholders in the education sector have shown concern for the tinge of the imposed restrictions. This has resulted to a debate that has involved the government and the stakeholders. Since its introduction in the 2007/2008 years, the voucher scheme has been very important for p atomic number 18nts with children go to kindergartens. The scheme has provided parents with direct fee subsidy and this has eased their fiscal burden.It is estimated that a total of 820 kindergartens which represents 85 per cent of the total number of kindergartens in Hong Kong have joined the scheme. In addition, 117,00 0 pupils are enjoying the benefits from the pre-school education voucher scheme fee subsidy. Since 1997, pre-school institutions in Hong Kong experienced reforms that considered internal effectiveness in schools to be important (Vickers, 2003). According to the Hong Kong government, the executing of the voucher scheme is an indication of its loyalty and support to pre-school education.In addition, the schemes are a positive repartee to the demands that have been made by the kindergarten headways and teachers. This has become possible by the financial support that the schemes provide for the master increase of the teachers and the principals. It is very important to note that the primary objective of the pre-school education voucher scheme in Hong Kong is to provide parents with direct fee subsidy. It is estimated that over 80 part of the total number of kindergarten teachers have managed to rule the Certificate of Early childhood Education(C (ECE)).Some teachers have enrol led in the courses or have managed to obtain qualifications same to (C (ECE)). To evaluate whether the voucher scheme has been successful in achieving its objectives, the Education Bureau (EDB) in Hong Kong continues to conduct tint Review studies. By May 2009, the Education Bureau is estimated to have conducted survey on more than 320 kindergartens. The government of Hong Kong acknowledges that pre school teachers experience pressure at work and they need to develop in their profession.The scheme is considered to be one of the ways through which the teachers maestro development can be promoted. Impact of the Pre-school education voucher scheme on teachers professional development Teachers at pre-school institutions have shown their full commitment and dedication to education in Hong Kong . One of the ways through which the pre-school education voucher scheme has impact positively on the teachers professional development is by trying to reduce the workload of the teachers and th e principals.Since one of the primary objectives of the scheme is to promote professional development of the teachers, the Education Bureau has continued to heighten communication between the school administration, teachers and other stakeholders in the sector (Andrew, 2008). This has resulted to efficient and continuous murder of programs that are aimed at improving the teachers professional development. The quality review mechanism that has been adopted by the Education Bureau ensures that school self evaluation is done to encourage continuous reformment in education and the teachers professional development.Teachers have been concerned well-nigh the pressure at work that results from the quality review done by the Education Bureau as intimately as the work load at school. However, the quality reviews that are supported due to the implementation of the pre-school education voucher scheme have promoted professional collaboration between teachers. Pre-school education in Hong Ko ng has for a long time been provided by the private sector and non-profit making institutions.This demands that whole pre-school institutions such as kindergartens to be well placed in a manner that the market forces are used to determine the teachers salaries at discretion. The launch of the pre-school voucher schemes has increased financial resources for the kindergartens and schools management activities (Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, 2007). In addition, these resources have been used to finance efforts that aim at providing a working surround that attracts and retains qualified and well performing teachers.The financial resources injected by the voucher scheme have also been very vital in facilitating the payment of bang-up salaries to the teachers. These benefits have acted as a motivation for the teachers to reform their skills and abilities so their professional development (The Education Bureau, 2009). The Hong Kong government has reaffirmed its com mitment in promoting high quality education at the pre-school level by encouraging schools or kindergartens to provide the teachers with qualification allowances.Research studies that have been conducted to determine the impact of pre-school voucher schemes in Hong Kong show that over 52 per cent of parents, principals and teachers agree that the scheme is a clean-living policy that promotes excellence in early childhood education. The teachers satisfaction with the scheme has been due to the opportunities the schemes have offered to them to improve their professional skills. Teachers consider the voucher scheme to have a positive influence on the schools and their ply.By improving the quality of education offered at the kindergarten, it has become necessary for teachers qualifications to be improved. This has played an important economic consumption in the teachers professional development. A large number of parents with children in pre-school institutions assert that the scheme s have promoted the qualifications of the teachers as well as the improvement made on the school facilities. The schemes have encouraged teachers to pursue high education or to undertake more education courses.At the pre-school level, extra curricular activities are very overcritical for children development and learning (Sweeting, 1990). Teachers compliment learning in class by extra political program activities. By participating in the coordination and implementation of extra curricular programs in school, the teachers ability to lead and teach is improved. The voucher scheme has increased financial resources to be spent for the extra curricular activities in school. By universe involved in the activities, the teachers professional ability to use the activities in educating the children is improved.By September 2008, about 30% of teachers at the pre-school level had enrolled and attained good qualifications after enrolling for (C (ECE)) courses which are recommended and suppor ted by the Education Bureau. The pre-school principals who are also teachers have had an opportunity to pursue higher education . For example, about 61 per cent or a large number of principals have been enrolled to undertake the Bachelor of Education in Early Childhood Education (B Ed (ECE). A program to certify the qualification of the principals were put into place in January 2008 .By March 2009, about 300 principals who service of processd in the pre-schools had taken a certification course. For continuous professional development in the teachers, many kindergartens have adopted teacher development subsidy (TDC) to offer the teachers school based training programs. The pre-school education voucher scheme provides support services that are offered to develop language skills, cognitive abilities and physical development in children. Teachers gain from this by being move in creating a good learning environment, proper children learning, portfolio externalisening as well as curric ulum planning and organization.Being engaged in these activities has been vital in improving the professional skills of the teachers when it comes to planning for good learning at school (Bray and Koo, 2005). The Hong Kong Education Bureau participates in promoting the teachers professional development under the voucher scheme by delegacy a professional training course for their principals. By improving the principals leadership and management skills, the teachers are open to get good guidance and effective leadership that relate to the teachers work (Ranson, 2003).The principal training course is characterized by an offshore programme and provides an on-spot consultative visit to the principal who participates in the course. nearly 130 principals are estimated to join the training programme. The principals have given positive feedback about the benefits of the programmes. To support the implementation of the pre-school curriculum revised guide, the Education Bureau organizes pro fessional development programmes which relate to school based curriculum knowledge, leadership, curriculum management and pedagogical knowledge in various areas of learning.This effort has promoted the professional development of the teachers through capacity building. Transparency in pre-school institutions has been promoted by the requirements set by the Education Bureau when it comes to the management of the financial resources . The resources provided by the scheme promote the smooth running of the schools, good remuneration for the teachers and provide a good learning environment. These have gone a long way to increase accountability of the principals and the teachers and this has motivated teachers to titty good values that are important in professional development.Some of the questions that have been raised about pre-school voucher schemes in Hong Kong is whether the schemes can minimize the overall work pressure on the teachers and improve the staff ratio. The pre school ed ucation voucher schemes have promoted professional upgrading for both the principals and the teachers. For those who serve at PEVs-NPM-KGs, a teacher development subsidy is provided in each voucher. The subsidy is utilized for teacher training and development courses.Furthermore, the teachers and the principals who serve in non PEVs-NMP-KGs can claim a reimbursement from the Education Bureau to cater for up to 50 percent of the fees for a degree or diploma course that has been approved in early childhood education. By the year 2011/2012, all teachers serving at pre-school level are expected to have obtained a present in Early Childhood Education (LegCo panel on education, 2009). This together with the demand by the scheme that all kindergarten principals who are appointed from 2009 to have a BEd (ECE) have encouraged teachers to pursue higher education.In addition, the requirement for principals to have a one year post qualification experience and a certification course has encoura ged principals and teachers to get engaged in professional development activities and programs. All kindergartens under the scheme have put into place measures that ensure there is continuous professional development by providing school based training programmes under the teacher development subsidy program.Areas of school work that are covered include childrens development, learning and teaching, management and organization, and children and school culture support. The quality reviews carried out by the Education Bureau assists the teachers to invest their energy and time in professional development as a way of promoting sustainable school improvement. For example, local non-profit making schools starting 2012-2013 will be able to fork over the education voucher if they are able to meet the prescribed standards of the Quality Review framework (Education Department, 2007).The requirements stipulate in the Education ordinance (Cap 279) ensures that teachers professional development can occur when they meet the set educational standards. The first batch pf 130 Quality Review planned visits began in the 2007-2008 school year (Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, 2008b) and an increase in ratio of graduate teachers in 2008/2009 has raised the professional standards and place of the teachers.The Quality Review Framework promotes transparency and accountability in schools which promotes a culture that is good for professional development of teachers. The Hong Kong government is committed and dedicated to the improvements made in education and the professional development of teachers. The development and implementation of the Pre-school Education Voucher Scheme in Hong Kong is one of the ways through which the government has managed to improve the quality of education and to promote professional development in teachers and principals.High quality education at the pre-school level can be attributed to the pre-school educatio n voucher scheme, classroom inspection and quality reviews in schools. In conclusion, the pre-school education voucher scheme has been promoted through the 2007/08 school year Training Activity, Teacher Development plan for 2008/09 school year, Four-year Teacher Development plan and the professional upgrading of Kindergarten principals and teachers.

Guiding Principals of Professional Learning Communities Essay Example for Free

Guiding Principals of Professional Learning Communities EssayNormally, in a professed(prenominal) information alliance also known as a PLC, the educators work together brainstorming ideas, lessons, and activities that will substitute a plan to be implemented all in hopes of the students achievement. A pro learning community can benefit a coachs environment by reinforcing instructor morale and leadership skills. As the school moves forward, every master in the building must prosecute with colleagues in the ongoing exploration of three crucial questions that drive the work of those within a professional learning community What do we want to each one student to learn? How will we know when each student has learned it? How will we respond when a student experiences difficulty in learning? The practise to the third question separates learning communities from traditional schools. A PLC can serve as a have got system that motivates teachers to follow a guided plan. Educa tors who argon building a professional learning community recognize that they must work together to achieve their collective purpose of learning for all. Therefore, they create structures to elicit a collaborative culture.This plan can include classroom assistants, parent volunteers, and other school violence like librarians. The PLC culture can influence teachers through numbers. When teachers come together and have strength in numbers they can support each other, collaborate, and brainstorm the most effective methods and techniques to instruct the students. Even the grandest initiation eventually translates into hard work. The professional learning community model is a grand design, a sinewy new way of working ogether that profoundly affects the practices of schooling. But initiating and sustaining the concept requires hard work. This is where the challenges may arise. It requires the school faculty to focus on learning rather than teaching, work collaboratively on matters re lated to learning, and hold itself accountable for the word form of results that fuel continual improvement. A PLC will construct a solid foundation of committed teachers who are passionate about their career and working with families and fellow colleagues.The benefit(s) of a PLC is that everyone has the opportunity to be involved and distribute goals and positive learning experiences of the schools learning environment. When educators do the hard work necessary to implement these principles, their collective might to help all students learn will rise. If they fail to demonstrate the discipline to initiate and sustain this work, then(prenominal) their school is unlikely to become more effective, even if those within it claim to be a professional learning community.The rise or fall of the professional learning community concept depends not on the merits of the concept itself, but on the most important element in the improvement of any school the commitment and persistence of the educators within it. In conclusion, educators who work together form structured atmospheres that promote learning. References Barth, R. (1991). Restructuring schools near questions for teachers and principals. Phi Delta Kappan, 73(2), 123-129. Marzano, R. (2003). What works in Schools Translating research into action, Alexandria, VA ASCD.

Training And Development Play An Important Role Management Essay

maneuvering And Development Play An Important Role Management EssayTraining and nurture is a system, a rectify of activities or process designed to assistant expand and emend a persons aptitudes and experience which atomic number 18 related to his or her business organisation scope. It is as well a groovy port to help to advance the attitudes and competencies of employees. Training focuses more on current and present cheats, whereas development underscores more on long term and future jobs. Training and development classs rout out elevate the capabilities of employees to achieve organisational goals and authority and efficiency of the operations within the organization. Trainings make make go against for business development and help the all toldiance to kick the bucket more free-enterprise(a) and profit qualified.Training and development plays an important role in clement resources heed. One of the reasons is callable to the signifi toilett changes o f technologies in this modern era, where some business functions ar becoming older and outdated. If the organization does not introduce revolutionary methods of acquireing tasks and make changes to its existing business functions, the organization ordain fade out from its food market eventually. on that pointfore, it is of paramount importance for an organization to implement teaching and development strategies to ascertain that the employees experience the skills and go to bedledge supplicate to operate the latest technologies.In addition, prep ardness and development programs depart help to save appeal for a caller-out in the long run. An organization support launch dressing and development program to train and improve the skills of existing employees instead of hiring modern employees to adhesive friction a project as the cost of didactics existing employees leave behind be cheaper than hiring a new employee. Besides reducing the liberateoer rate of employ ees, impelling training programs will help to subjoin job satisfaction, motivation and morale of employees. This is because employees will feel that the company c bes for their welfare and appreciates their contri aloneions, thus they will be loyal and work for the company for a long finish of sentence. When a company gives its employees an opportunity to learn and develop new skills, they will feel that they fetch grade in the company and try their best to pass on in building a stronger and more competitive organization. In short, training and development programs are essential for increasing productiveness, posture and efficiency of an organization in any event enhancing the image of the company.The study aim and objective of training and development is to add value to a firms gracious as ascertains. These programs raise the capacity level of the company and help the company to overcome the rapid changes of technology in the globalized business world. Furthermore, it t ends to increase the power of a company to compete with its competitors in the global market. Training and development programs also act as motivational tools to boost the enthusiasm of employees in per miscellanying their jobs. This will trim down the requirement for close supervisions and improve the effectiveness, efficiencies and performance of employees in the organization.ContentTheories and ConceptsTraining and development is a set of planned programs and procedures aimed to improve employees capacity and organizational performance. The performance of employees in terms of matchlesss attitude, behavior, skills and companionship female genitalia be improved finished and through the training programs implemented by an organization. thitherfore, training and development programs can effectively improve the overall performance of the business. Trainings are linguistic rulely targeted at technical staff, broken iner level precaution, middle and also senior level watchful ness. Normally, when programs are applied to lower and middle level management, they are known as trainings whereas when applied to senior level management, they are called development programs. Some general purposes of training and development are to enhance employees growth, improve the quality of workforce, bridge the gap between planning and implementation and help new comers. There are few relevant theories which are associated with training and development, notely the sensory stimulation conjecture, the sustenance possible action, the action theory, the experiential larn and the adult teaching.Sensory theory states that when multi-sensory stimulation effect is great, learning fixs place. In order words, efficient training will occur when the senses are inspired or stimulated. Some search found that 75% adults knowledge is learned by seeing, hearing and the former(a) 13% is by former(a) senses like smell, taste as well as touch.Reinforcement theory can be but classifie d as positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement. In positive reinforcement, trainee will repeat the want behaviour in negative reinforcement, trainee can strengthen behaviour when a negative condition is stopped. This theory focuses on the significance of experience, meaning, the development of insight and problem-solving skills. For instance, many trainers believe that trainees will develop problem-solving abilities when they are capable to unlike situations and varied experiences.Action learning is a dynamic process that shoots a group of hoi polloi solving real-life problems. But at the same time, they must concentrate on what they are learning and how the learning can benefit the group members, the group itself as well as the organization as a whole. Nowadays, action learning becomes one of the key training and problem-solving tools for some large companies such as Nokia, Motorola, British Air slipway, US Department of Agriculture and Marriott. (Michael, 2004)Exper iential learning defines learning as a process of creating the trainees knowledge via the transformation of experience. There are four stages in experiential learning. Firstly, the experiential learning is through cover experience, which is putting something into practice. Secondly, it is through observation and reflection, in which one objectively analyzes the outcome. Thirdly, it is through abstract conceptualization, in which one review your conceptual appreciation. Lastly, it is through active experimentation, which is experimenting to find solution. The diagram below delivers the experiential learning wheel around and the basic learning styles.stage.jpgLastly, adult learning is a theory that holds six assumptions intimately how adults learn and this theory emphasizes on the value of the process of learning. There are six assumptions of adult learning, which are adults need to know why they need learning, readiness to learn, self-concept, motivation to learn, orientation to learning and learners experience. This approach is problem-based and collaborative rather than didactics and also focus on more equality between the trainer and trainee. (Benefits and Problems, n.d.)In addition, on that point are two dimensions of training and development processes, which are the degree of pro formaity and the balance between self-directed as well as different-directed learning. These two choices of the dimensions result in 4 overall methods. For instance, one can take a formal training to self-directed or other directed learning, likewise one can take unaffixed training to self-directed or other directed learning. Trainers make decision about what approach to be taken into training depending on several factors, such as the amount of property which can be invested for training, time extractionss of training needed, specificity and complexity of the skills and knowledge needed as well as capacity and motivation of the learner.Undeniably, formal and other-dire cted learning and development programs are more expensive than other approaches. However, through this approach learner can achieve the desired skills and knowledge in a timely basis. This form of learning is mostly utilize in colleges, universities and training centres, which normally grants diplomas and certificates. Employee development plans is another form of formal and other-directed training. Employee development plans help to identify performance goals, the ways to achieve the goals, by when and whom to verify their result. Besides, in formal and self-directed training, learner should set his or her own learning goals, methods and means to verify the accomplishment. For specimen, supervisors and employees work unneurotic to achieve formal and self-directed learning in the workplace, at the same time they collaborate to accomplish continuous learning for continued productivity and learning.Informal training and development is more casual and incidental. Normally, in that location are no specific training goals and ways to evaluate their level of accomplishment of goals. Make an example of informal and other-directed training, supervisors send their employees to training regarding sexual harassment in the workplace. Informal and self-directed learning can be very low cost and this training approach may take longer time than other-directed forms. However, the learner must have the capacity and motivation to pursue their own training. For example, there are informal discussions among employees on a certain topic or organizations sending their employees to attend dialogue by known speakers, as long as the learners select the activities and topics by themselves. (Carter Mcnamara, n.d.)Contributions and SignificanceTraining and development programs can contribute to an organization by helping it to save cost. Normally, a successor will be trained by someone who is an expert in a particular field to refill a position if there is a sudden vacuum clean er within the organization. This can help the company to save recruiting cost, training cost, and admit the organization operating smoothly. By this way, the company need not hire someone remote the company to train since the training is easily attainable by present employees. Training the successors is better than recruiting people from outside of the organization. In addition, recruiting professional with high skills is much more expensive than training current employee to acquire those skills.Secondly, training and development can improve the relationship between bosses and subordinates. Training programs will involve different levels of employees in an organization and this increases communication among each other. When the communication breakdown between bosses and subordinates, the business will suffer, the tension will increase and cause other negative consequences to happen. Through training and development process, they can at a lower placestand their jobs better therefo re some accidents and misunderstanding can be avoided. At the same time, productivity of employees may increase.Thirdly, training and development will lead to an increased profitability and more positive attitude towards an organizations goals. These can be done by enhancing employees knowledge and polishing their skills at all levels within an organization. When the satisfactions of customers are fulfilled by well-trained employees, this will increase the number of repeated business. At the same time, the reputation of the company is also deepen because of good services performed by the employees. Therefore, training and development helps an organization to achieve competitive advantage over others in the industry.Case DevelopmentCompanys BackgroundResorts military man Sdn Bhd was a private limited company completed in year 1980. In year 1989, the company was listed into the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange market to become a public listed company on 14 July. It was subsequently rena med as Resorts universe of discourse Bhd, in which this company name had been used from year 1989 to 2009. Resorts military man Bhd then changed its name again to Genting Malaysia Berhad on 18 June 2009 and this name has been used until today. As eitherone knows Resorts valet Genting is built in the high mountain areas the cool and refreshing air is an intrinsic factor in attracting visitors. Besides, Resorts military personnel Genting excels in offering full-of-fun entertainment attractions and the luxurious external class destination, in order to satisfy different cultures and needs of tourists.Generally, Resorts globe Genting has established six hotels, namely the First military man Hotel, the Theme parking area Hotel, the Awana Hotel, the Maxims Genting, the Resort Hotel and the Highlands Hotel. The First ground Hotel with a total of 6,118 rooms was the institutions Largest Hotel according to Guinness World Records (Knowles, 2011). In addition, Resorts World Genting a lso offers close to 200 distinctive dining outlets and shopping stores, business meeting facilities and mega shows. The most attractive features of the company are the two al-Qaida parks with more than 40 rides and non-stop entertainment. enceinte Bumper Car, short Dragon, 4D Motion Master, Ride de Paris and other entertainment facilities are appropriated in indoor theme parks. Moreover, outdoor theme parks provide more fun rides than indoor, such as Pirate Ship, Spinner, Flying Coaster, Corkscrew, Boating, Dinosaur land and Rodeo Rider, which have successfully attracted visitors from all walks of life.Resorts World Genting also monopolizes the legal gambling market in Malaysia as it operates the one and only casino in Malaysia. Many locals frequent the casino to gamble. The casino offers international gambling games such as Tai Sai, Baccarat, Roulette, Blackjack, slots and Pokers. Resort World Genting not only operates the entertainment facilities but also the longest cable ca r system in Southeast Asia, named as Genting Skyway. The cable cars are crossing 3.38km from the hillside to Highlands Hotel at the peak. Therefore, it is obvious that Resorts World Berhad focuses its businesses in entertainment and tourism industry.Training and Development Practices, Advantages and Disadvantages of the PracticesResorts World Genting supports and promotes employee development and organizational effectiveness by pursuing personnel policies in training and development, which is in line with the organizational culture, mission and vision. The organization has been actively involved in providing high quality trainings, development programs and opportunities for calling development of individual players. In fact, Resorts World Genting recorded more than 8,500 employees attending internal and external training programs in year 2009. The various training programs carried out to produce competent workers include etiquette, grooming and personal impact, customer service an d service delivery aimed at front-line employees and consistent departmental team-building activities.To improve productivity and effectiveness within the organization, Resorts World Genting offers internal trainings such as on-the-job training and job revolution from time to time. As an drive to support the Skim Latihan 1Malaysia (SL1M) launched by the Prime Minister in year 2011, Resorts World Genting has gone all out to provide on-the-job placements to unemployed or underemployed graduates with appropriate cogencys. This connive requires candidates to achieve a minimum CGPA of 2.5 for a degree from any recognized tertiary institution and possess the ability to converse in Bahasa Malaysia and English. Shortlisted trainees will be given 2 to 3 months soft skill trainings and 9 to 10 months on-the-job training. During the training period, trainees will assist in organizational projects and departmental functions and involve in departmental or organization-wide planning and decisi on making. Subsequently, trainees are evaluated on their suitability for vacancies in Resorts World Genting.There are several advantages that can be yield through the on-the-job training. Resorts World Gentings effort has actually helped to enhance the employability of unemployed graduates to compete for jobs that match their qualifications. Through SL1M, trainees acquire necessary soft skills such as communication skills, critical thinking and organizational adaptability to increase their competency in the job market. As the organization usually customizes the learning to fit business purposes, trainees will be well-prepared to perform real job tasks because they will be taught to master the tools needed to perform their specific roles. Therefore, SL1M improves the quality and helps fresh graduates to be more marketable in the labor market.On the contrary, there are also certain drawbacks towards Resorts World Genting through the implementation of SL1M on-the-job training. This sy stem lacks of consistency as the training is closely dependent on experienced senior workers to give out instructions that are purported to be essential in completing a task efficiently and effectively. As the instructions vary with each trainer, there is no standardized learning carried out across the organization. It is also insufficient for a trainee to learn the skills and knowledge from only a trainer. Besides, when there is no structured guidance on training lessons, trainees will only learn about the routines and pass daily problems that arise in the normal course of working. They will face difficulties and feel humiliated in the future when they are confronted with complex and rare problems which are not taught during the SL1M scheme. Under close supervision by a trainer, the trainee can be easily influenced by the trainers habits and attitudes towards various aspects of the job such as management and interaction techniques. They can quickly adopt lazy habits and take short cuts in performing their tasks, which in getting even will bring unfavorable consequences towards Resorts World Genting.Resorts World Genting also offers Management Trainee schedule which provides job rotation opportunities to potential employees. Its purpose is to discover and develop the next generation of leaders to hold higher managerial positions in the future by equipping them with the required skills, judgment and qualities of an effective manager. Under the Management Trainee Program of Resorts World Genting, trainees will be given the chance to conduct cross-functional assignments and special projects to develop leadership skills. The 18-24 months program allows trainees to explore different areas of the corporation such as Casino Operations, Theme Park Operation, Theme Park Technical and Human Resource. Successful trainees will be posted to Senior Executive or service Manager positions. According to the official website of Resorts World Genting, 19 management trainees s uccessfully graduated and recruited as permanent wave employees in year 2009.The Management Trainee Program has benefited Resorts World Gentings employees in many ways. Selected trainees will have good prospects in their career advancement as they are exposed to all facets of the business, from marketing to customer service, to benignant resource and operations. Thus, they can be easily promoted to a managerial position once a vacancy comes up within the organization. Besides, the program helps to identify and develop potential talents as a means of providing a good succession planning and enhancing morale in the organization. It helps to foster teamwork within the organization, promote good comradeship and improve communication among teams because trainees usually collaborate with different team members at different levels.A major disadvantage of the Management Trainee Program is that successful trainees tend to be more self-centered and expect discriminatory treatment such as hi gher compensation and benefits from the organization. They might think high of themselves with the qualifications possessed. As the management trainees undergo job rotation, there is a tendency that the trainees could not master the operations and have an in-depth understanding of the functions in a department in front switching to another department in just a few months. Consequently, they will become Jack of all trades and a master of none. The result might be harmful to the organization as these future-to-be managers might not be good managers.In addition, off-the-job learning is conducted by Resorts World Genting. Scholarships were awarded to 21 high-performing employees in the year 2009. Deserving employees received scholarships to further their studies at MAHTEC, Kolej Antarabangsa Genting Inti and Institute of leased Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW). In year 2011, 22 scholarships worth RM1.7 million were awarded under the Genting Malaysia Education Fund to gravid e mployees and other external recipients. Moreover, the organization partners with colleges and universities and professional associations such as Genting INTI International College (GIIC), ACCA, CIMA and ICAEW to provide the opportunity for employees to enhance their qualifications. For instance, Resorts World Gentings Finance Department has been recognized by professional accountancy bodies such as ACCA, CIMA and ICAEW to provide trainings to accounting fields employees to become qualified accountants.One of the advantages of Resorts World Genting offering further studies opportunities is that the employees with higher qualifications and professionalism can contribute more to the organization in various aspects of the organization. These professionals such as accountants, risk management experts and investiture analysts can make better planning, professional evaluations and decisions for the organization in the business dealings. This will in turn help Resorts World Genting to mini mize cost, maximize profits and penetrate into more profitable markets in various countries. When the organization has a good reputation of offering scholarships to high-performers, there will be a big pool of qualified unsolicited candidates for the organization to make selection for a vacancy. Therefore, Resorts World Genting is less belike to face the problem of lack of qualified candidates for selection process.However, offering scholarships might be costly to Resorts World Genting as the organization has to fork out a whopping amount to support the increasing cost of living and guardianship fees of scholarship recipients. This is much more expensive compared to other internal training programs. The organization also faces the risk that it might lose its high-quality employees after they have finished their studies. This is because when the high-performers have completed their eon of work as stipulated in the scholarship agreement, they might be poached by Resorts World Gent ings competitors by being offered a higher compensation and more benefits.Furthermore, Resorts World Genting has also nonionised many seminars and conferences to help develop the professionalism of the senior management. For example, in October 2011, the organization carried out the 23rd Genting Malaysia Senior Managers Conference in Awana Kijal, Terengganu to abet workers to be passionately committed to achieving the organizations goals and core values. Last but not least, besides organizing departmental team-building activities, Resorts World Genting emphasizes on work-life balance programs which improve employees wellbeing. To highlight holistic development of all levels of employees, the organization has also organise sports events and self-improvement activities. Some of the programs involved in inculcating team-spirit and lifelong learning include Coaching Leadership A Future for Women in Leadership, Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, Labour Day celebration and Genting Em ployee Carnival.The conferences organized by Resorts World Genting have benefited the organization as the senior managers and top management have the chance to deputise various viewpoints regarding the course of businesses run by the organization. This encourages communication and collaboration among all levels of managers of different departments within the organization instead of emphasizing on only one department. As a grand decision make by one department affects another, it is essential that all departments involved discuss and analyze a event before making a final decision. Besides, the programs and activities carried out help to drive the behaviors and personal goals of employees to be in line with the organizational purpose, which in turn contributes to a highly-productive working environment. These activities are effective motivators for the employees to perform better and achieve organizational objectives.In contrast, attending various seminars and programs may be a loss of productivity and a waste of time for the employees of Resorts World Genting. Discouraged workers tend to take these activities as distractions to escape from work. There are also times that the information presented during seminars or the activities organized do not interest a particular individual. Moreover, the information presented by external parties may be incorrect, flawed and biased. The information cannot appeal to all the needs of the employees from different departments in the organization and it may be just a reiteration of what the employees have known. What the speakers provide are mostly theoretical and these theories cannot be applied in real-life situations due to various factors.The to a higher place are the human resource practices implemented by Resorts World Genting to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the employees. There are advantages and disadvantages for each activity organized by the organization. The top managers should look into the boon and bane of a practice before implementing it to maximize productivity within the organization.Critiques of Practices on the Effectiveness of the CompanyThere are several critiques on the effectiveness of training and development practices implemented by Resorts World Genting on the normal course of business.The first method used by Resorts World Genting is on-the-job training, which is Skim Latihan 1Malaysia (SL1M). This method principally helps the unemployed or fresh graduates to brush up their qualifications so that they have the capacity to meet the skills and knowledge needed by the jobs. This scheme is actually less effective to the operations of the organization as there is no structured and detailed handbook or guidelines to follow. Since this scheme has so many disadvantages such as inconsistency in training, too subjective and only dependent on one senior worker for each trainee, it would be cost-consuming to persist in workers which are not well-trained. In long-term, thi s method will reduce the productivity of the company. Therefore, SL1M might be useful in decreasing the unemployment rate in the country but this scheme is unfavorable towards Resorts World Genting as it reduces the effectiveness of the organization.The second method applied by Resorts World Genting is job-rotation trainings that are offered to train potential employees to hold managerial positions in the future. Overall, the management trainee program increases the productivity and effectiveness of the organization. The disadvantages of the management trainee program are minor as they can be easily eliminated through some modifications of the program. This program usually has a higher requirement from its trainees as the trainees must be able to work under high pressure. Since they will be exposed to the functioning of every department within Resorts World Genting, they will be able to master all the operations when they have completed their training. Thus, the high-performing and well-trained employees will be able to manage high positions effectively and meet the organizational goals.In addition, Resorts World Genting also provides off-the-job learning by offering scholarships and opportunities to further studies to high-performing employees. This will be cost-saving in a way that the actual amount spent on scholarships is much lower than the cost of recruiting and selecting a new employee. The organization will have low turnover rate as this increases the job satisfaction of the employees. It will also be able to retain its pool of talents, and this human asset will provide comparative advantage to the organization to compete with other competitors. Professionals trained by the organization could make better professional analysis and decisions which in turn will increases the effectiveness in the business dealings. Therefore, off-the-job training increases the effectiveness and efficiency of Resorts World Genting in the long-run.Seminars and talks organiz ed by Resorts World Genting appear to be less effective in training the employees as absolute majority of these seminars involve only theoretical presentation. It is also not cheap to invite external speakers to give talks to the employees which will then be considered as a waste of time. As it is difficult to control human behavior, the company also cannot avoid the fact that some lazy employees take this chance to escape work. In short, organizing seminars and talks would decrease the effectiveness and productivity of the operations in Resorts World Genting.RecommendationThere are some recommendations for Resorts World Genting to improve their training and development programs.First and foremost, there are few recommendations to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of on-the-job training, which is Skim Latihan 1Malaysia (SL1M) implemented by Resorts World Genting. The organization can set a standardized and structured on-the-job training scheme, alongside with clear and deta iled handbook for every trainer and trainee. Trainers can follow the scheme and handbook which detail all workplace procedures to train the new employees and make sure that the trainees fully understand their jobs. Besides, Resorts World Genting has to choose the trainers carefully. Trainers must achieve the level of qualification required to train the new employees and the organization must make sure that they do not show bad habits or examples. This is because a good trainer will influence a trainee to become a good employee in the future. Besides teaching the trainees on how to solve their daily problems, the experienced trainers should also emphasize on rare and potential problems that might happen in the future, or at least the trainees are taught about these problems using theories. Furthermore, Resorts World Genting can assign more supervisors to observe how trainers and trainees work in their positions and require weekly report from the trainers. Trainers and trainees will t hen concentrate and pay more effort on their jobs because they do not wish to obtain bad comments in their report.Secondly, there are some recommendations for Management Trainee Program. Resorts World Genting can first try to observe the characteristics of potential employees and then decide which department is suitable for the individuals. Besides, managers can also interview the potential employees and tests their abilities in each and every sector. This can help to enhance the skills and knowledge that the management trainee lacks in a particular sector. Furthermore, Resorts World Genting also can set the period of job rotation longer. Potential employees can learn and discover more on a post before they change to another position if the job rotation duration is longer. Since these potential employees are going to handle managerial positions in the future, it is important for them to practice job ethics. Therefore, Resorts World Genting should show their employees that the organi zation emphasizes ethical ways of doing jobs. This will influence the employees and may change their decisions and actions to become more ethical in performing their job.In addition, to achieve cost-effectiveness, Resorts World Genting can offer their employees scholarships to further studies in local educational institutions instead of overseas. The tuition fees in local educational institutions are much cheaper compared to those abroad. Furthermore, the cost of living is also lower than staying overseas. Resorts World Genting can also plan to set up their own educational institution instead of partnering with other colleges. By taking this initiative, Resorts World Genting can save much cost for scholarships and attract more students to study in